Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University Hospital University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
J Am Heart Assoc. 2018 Mar 24;7(7):e007155. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.117.007155.
Available evidence for the relationship between coffee intake and subclinical atherosclerosis is limited and inconsistent. This study aimed to evaluate the association between coffee consumption and coronary artery calcium (CAC) in ELSA-Brasil (Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health).
This cross-sectional study is based on baseline data from participants of the ELSA-Brasil cohort. Only participants living in São Paulo, Brazil, who underwent a CAC measurement (n=4426) were included. Coffee consumption was collected using a food frequency questionnaire. CAC was detected with computed tomography and expressed as Agatston units. CAC was further categorized as an Agatson score ≥100 (CAC ≥100). In multiple logistic regression analysis considering intake of coffee and smoking status interaction, significant inverse associations were observed between coffee consumption (>3 cups/d) and CAC≥100 (odds ratio [OR]: 0.85 [95% confidence interval, 0.58-1.24] for ≤1 cup/d; OR: 0.73 [95% confidence interval, 0.51-1.05] for 1-3 cups/d; OR: 0.33 [95% confidence interval, 0.17-0.65] for >3 cups/d). Moreover, there was a statistically significant interaction effect for coffee consumption and smoking status (=0.028 for interaction). After stratification by smoking status, the analysis revealed a lower OR of coronary calcification in never smokers drinking >3 cups/d (OR: 0.37 [95% confidence interval, 0.15-0.91]), whereas among current and former smokers, the intake of coffee was not significantly associated with coronary calcification.
Habitual consumption of >3 cups/d of coffee decreased odds of subclinical atherosclerosis among never smokers. The consumption of coffee could exert a potential beneficial effect against coronary calcification, particularly in nonsmokers.
目前有关咖啡摄入与亚临床动脉粥样硬化之间关系的证据有限且不一致。本研究旨在评估巴西 ELSA 研究中的咖啡摄入量与冠状动脉钙（CAC）之间的相关性。
本横断面研究基于巴西成人健康纵向研究（ELSA-Brasil）队列的基线数据。仅纳入在巴西圣保罗进行 CAC 测量的参与者（n=4426）。使用食物频率问卷收集咖啡摄入量。使用计算机断层扫描检测 CAC，并以 Agatston 单位表示。进一步将 CAC 分为 Agatston 评分≥100（CAC≥100）。在考虑咖啡摄入量和吸烟状态相互作用的多变量逻辑回归分析中，观察到咖啡摄入（>3 杯/天）与 CAC≥100 之间存在显著负相关（每天≤1 杯的比值比[OR]：0.85 [95%置信区间，0.58-1.24]；每天 1-3 杯的 OR：0.73 [95%置信区间，0.51-1.05]；每天>3 杯的 OR：0.33 [95%置信区间，0.17-0.65]）。此外，咖啡摄入量和吸烟状态之间存在统计学显著的交互作用（=0.028）。按吸烟状态分层后，分析显示从不吸烟者中，每天饮用>3 杯咖啡与较低的冠状动脉钙化风险相关（OR：0.37 [95%置信区间，0.15-0.91]），而在当前和曾经吸烟者中，咖啡摄入量与冠状动脉钙化无显著相关性。
习惯性饮用>3 杯/天的咖啡可降低从不吸烟者亚临床动脉粥样硬化的风险。咖啡的摄入可能对冠状动脉钙化产生潜在的有益作用，特别是在不吸烟者中。
