Department of Bioethics & Humanities, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
Department of Philosophy, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Gauteng, South Africa.
J Med Ethics. 2021 Sep;47(9):595-598. doi: 10.1136/medethics-2021-107555. Epub 2021 Jul 7.
This paper gives an ethical argument for temporarily waiving intellectual property (IP) protections for COVID-19 vaccines. It examines two proposals under discussion at the World Trade Organization (WTO): the India/South Africa proposal and the WTO Director General proposal. Section I explains the background leading up to the WTO debate. Section II rebuts ethical arguments for retaining current IP protections, which appeal to benefiting society by spurring innovation and protecting rightful ownership. It sets forth positive ethical arguments for a temporary waiver that appeal to standing in solidarity and holding companies accountable. After examining built-in exceptions to existing agreements and finding them inadequate, the paper replies to objections to a temporary waiver and concludes, in section III, that the ethical argument for temporarily waiving IP protection for COVID-19 vaccines is strong.
本文从伦理角度论证暂时放弃 COVID-19 疫苗的知识产权(IP)保护。文中探讨了世界贸易组织(WTO)正在讨论的两项提案:印度/南非提案和 WTO 总干事提案。第一节解释了 WTO 辩论的背景。第二节反驳了保留现行 IP 保护的伦理论点,这些论点通过刺激创新和保护合法所有权来使社会受益。它提出了一个临时豁免的积极伦理论点,这一论点呼吁团结一致并让公司承担责任。在审查了现有协议中的既定例外情况并发现这些例外情况不充分之后,本文对临时豁免的反对意见做出回应,并在第三节得出结论,即暂时放弃 COVID-19 疫苗的 IP 保护具有很强的伦理依据。