Takeda Atsushi, Tomiyama Masahiko, Hanajima Ritsuko
National Hospital Organization Sendai-Nishitaga Hospital.
Brain Nerve. 2021 Jul;73(7):829-837. doi: 10.11477/mf.1416201843.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. The major motor symptoms of PD are mainly caused by dopamine (DA) deficiency due to the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Most patients also show non-motor symptoms, such as cognitive impairment, mood disturbance, pain, and sleep disturbance. These symptoms cannot be explained by DA deficiency alone and are likely involved with other neurotransmitter systems, including glutamate, serotonin, noradrenaline, or gamma aminobutyric acid. Other neurotransmitters may have therapeutic effects on some symptoms of PD. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiology of Parkinsonian symptoms, with a focus on neurotransmitters. (Received 2 February, 2021; Accepted 16 February, 2021; Published 1 July, 2021).
帕金森病（PD）是一种进行性神经退行性疾病。PD的主要运动症状主要是由于黑质中多巴胺能神经元的丧失导致多巴胺（DA）缺乏所致。大多数患者还表现出非运动症状，如认知障碍、情绪障碍、疼痛和睡眠障碍。这些症状不能仅用DA缺乏来解释，可能与其他神经递质系统有关，包括谷氨酸、5-羟色胺、去甲肾上腺素或γ-氨基丁酸。其他神经递质可能对PD的某些症状有治疗作用。在这篇综述中，我们讨论帕金森症状的病理生理学，重点是神经递质。（2021年2月2日收到；2021年2月16日接受；2021年7月1日发表）
