Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada.
Eur Phys J E Soft Matter. 2021 Jul 8;44(7):93. doi: 10.1140/epje/s10189-021-00096-9.
As part of the immune response, leukocytes can directly transmigrate through the body of endothelial cells or through the gap between adjacent endothelial cells. These are known, respectively, as the transcellular and paracellular route of diapedesis. What determines the usage of one route over the other is unclear. A recently proposed tenertaxis hypothesis claims that leukocytes choose the path with less mechanical resistance against leukocyte protrusions. We examined this hypothesis using numerical simulation of the mechanical resistance during paracellular and transcellular protrusions. By using parameters based on human lung endothelium, our results show that the required force to breach the endothelium through the transcellular route is greater than paracellular route, in agreement with experiments. Moreover, experiments have demonstrated that manipulation of the relative strength between the two routes can make the transcellular route preferable. Our simulations have demonstrated this reversal and thus tentatively confirmed the hypothesis of tenertaxis.
作为免疫反应的一部分，白细胞可以直接穿过内皮细胞的本体或穿过相邻内皮细胞之间的间隙。这分别被称为白细胞渗出的穿胞和细胞旁途径。哪种途径占主导地位尚不清楚。最近提出的 tenertaxis 假说声称，白细胞会选择对白细胞突起的机械阻力较小的路径。我们使用细胞旁和穿胞突起过程中的机械阻力的数值模拟来检验这一假说。通过使用基于人肺内皮细胞的参数，我们的结果表明，通过穿胞途径突破内皮所需的力大于细胞旁途径，这与实验结果一致。此外，实验已经证明，操纵这两种途径之间的相对强度可以使穿胞途径成为首选。我们的模拟已经证明了这种逆转，因此暂时证实了 tenertaxis 假说。
