Butler University, Department of Psychology, 4600 Sunset Avenue, Indianapolis, IN 46208, United States of America.
Butler University, Department of Psychology, 4600 Sunset Avenue, Indianapolis, IN 46208, United States of America.
Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2021 Sep;208:173221. doi: 10.1016/j.pbb.2021.173221. Epub 2021 Jul 5.
The increasingly popular combination of "energy drinks" containing high amounts of caffeine and alcohol has been shown to induce a stimulated, rather than sedated, state which may result in increased binge drinking and increased risk for alcohol-attributable accidents. We sought to examine consumption patterns of and withdrawal from alcohol and caffeine using a voluntary co-consumption animal model. Male and female adult C57BL/6J mice were given access to increasing doses of caffeine (0.01-0.05%) and/or alcohol (3-20%) in a two-bottle choice, intermittent access voluntary paradigm with fluid consumption recorded daily. Anxiety-like behavior during withdrawal was assessed via elevated plus maze or open field test in experiment 2. Increasing both alcohol and caffeine simultaneously in Experiment 1 resulted in no significant changes in co-consumption compared to mice given access to only alcohol or caffeine. Experiment 2 held caffeine concentration steady while slowly increasing alcohol content and resulted in mice consuming more alcohol when it was consumed in tandem with low dose caffeine. Both male and female mice consumed more caffeine when it was paired with alcohol; however, no significant differences were observed during withdrawal behavior. These results suggest that caffeine may dose-dependently positively influence alcohol consumption in mice and echo clinical literature suggesting that caffeine and alcohol together may result in a heightened state of stimulation and lead to further binge drinking. The intermittent access paradigm affords increased translational validity regarding investigations of alcohol and caffeine co-consumption and may be useful in identifying the neurobiological mechanisms concerning co-consumption of such substances.
越来越多的“能量饮料”（含有大量咖啡因和酒精）组合已被证明会引起兴奋状态，而不是镇静状态，这可能导致狂欢性饮酒增加，并增加与酒精相关的事故风险。我们试图使用自愿共消费动物模型来研究酒精和咖啡因的消费模式和戒断情况。雄性和雌性成年 C57BL/6J 小鼠通过双瓶选择、间歇性访问自愿范式，每天记录液体消耗，可获得递增剂量的咖啡因（0.01-0.05%）和/或酒精（3-20%）。在实验 2 中，通过高架十字迷宫或旷场试验评估戒断期间的焦虑样行为。在实验 1 中同时增加酒精和咖啡因，与仅给予酒精或咖啡因的小鼠相比，共消费没有显著变化。实验 2 保持咖啡因浓度稳定，同时缓慢增加酒精含量，结果表明，当与低剂量咖啡因一起消费时，小鼠会消耗更多的酒精。雄性和雌性小鼠在与酒精搭配时都会消耗更多的咖啡因；然而，在戒断行为期间没有观察到显著差异。这些结果表明，咖啡因可能会以剂量依赖的方式积极影响小鼠的酒精消费，并呼应临床文献表明，咖啡因和酒精一起可能会导致更高的兴奋状态，并导致进一步的狂欢性饮酒。间歇性访问范式增加了酒精和咖啡因共消费研究的转化有效性，并且可能有助于确定有关此类物质共消费的神经生物学机制。
