Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt.
Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt.
Bioorg Chem. 2021 Sep;114:105122. doi: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105122. Epub 2021 Jun 25.
The cardiovascular side effects associated with COX-2 selective drugs were the worst for coxibs leading to their withdrawal from the market a few years after their discovery. Therefore, the design of new series of pyrazole (4a,b 5a,b, 7a,b, 9a,b, 10a-h, and 11a-f) substituted with a triazole moiety as selective COX-2 inhibitors with cardioprotective effect was aimed in this paper. The target compounds were prepared and evaluated in-vitro against COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes. Compound 5-(5-Methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol (7a) showed the highest selectivity towards COX-2 enzyme (S.I. = 27.56) and was the most active anti-inflammatory agent. Interestingly, its cardiovascular profile showed the cardiac biomarkers (ALP, AST, CK-MB, and LDH), as well as inflammatory cytokines named (TNF-α and IL-6) nearly similar to the control. Besides, a histopathological study of the heart muscle and the stomach was also included. The results confirmed that compound 7a has a more favorable cardio profile than celecoxib. Moreover, docking simulation for the most selective compounds 4b, 7a, 10e, 11c, and 11e inside COX-2 active site was performed to explain their binding mode. Finally, an ADME study was applied and proved the promising activity of the new compounds as a new oral anti-inflammatory agent. In conclusion, the newly developed compound 7a represents a potential selective COX-2 NSAID candidate with minimum cardiovascular risks.
与 COX-2 选择性药物相关的心血管副作用是 Coxib 最严重的副作用,导致它们在发现几年后从市场上撤出。因此,本文旨在设计一系列新型吡唑(4a,b,5a,b,7a,b,9a,b,10a-h 和 11a-f)取代物,作为具有心脏保护作用的选择性 COX-2 抑制剂。目标化合物是通过体外方法合成并评估其对 COX-1 和 COX-2 酶的抑制作用。化合物 5-(5-甲基-1-苯基-1H-吡唑-4-基)-4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫醇(7a)对 COX-2 酶表现出最高的选择性(S.I. = 27.56),也是最有效的抗炎剂。有趣的是,其心血管特征显示心脏生物标志物(ALP、AST、CK-MB 和 LDH)以及炎症细胞因子(TNF-α 和 IL-6)与对照几乎相似。此外,还包括对心肌和胃的组织病理学研究。结果证实,化合物 7a 比塞来昔布具有更有利的心脏特征。此外,还对最具选择性的化合物 4b、7a、10e、11c 和 11e 进行了 COX-2 活性部位的对接模拟,以解释它们的结合模式。最后,进行了 ADME 研究,证明了新化合物作为新型口服抗炎剂的有前途的活性。总之,新开发的化合物 7a 代表了一种具有最小心血管风险的潜在选择性 COX-2 NSAID 候选药物。
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