Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCE, Marseille, France.
Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, UMR 6296, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF), 8 Avenue Blaise Pascal, TSA 60026, CS 60026, 63178 Aubière cedex, France.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2021 Oct;171:112701. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112701. Epub 2021 Jul 7.
The increase of plastic production from the middle of the twentieth century was inevitably followed by an increase in the amount of plastic dumped in the natural environment. There, the plastic debris are exposed to sunlight, temperature, humidity, and physical stress. This can induce photo-oxidative and thermal degradation. This review discusses the mechanism of plastics UV weathering and its characteristics. Comparison of the photodegradation rate and physico-chemical properties are made according to the weathering mode (natural/accelerated) and medium (air/water). Since the photodegradation can lead to plastics fragmentation, this phenomenon is described along with the methodologies used in literature to evaluate the fragmentation. The impact of the photodegraded plastic debris on the marine environment is also presented in term of (i) photodegradation products and stabilizers leakage, (ii) organic pollutants accumulation, transfer, and leakage, and (iii) toxicity on marine organisms.
自 20 世纪中叶以来，塑料产量的增加不可避免地导致了更多的塑料被倾倒在自然环境中。在那里，塑料碎片会暴露在阳光、温度、湿度和物理压力下。这会导致光氧化和热降解。本综述讨论了塑料的紫外线风化机制及其特性。根据风化模式（自然/加速）和介质（空气/水）对光降解速率和物理化学性质进行了比较。由于光降解会导致塑料碎片化，因此本文还描述了文献中用于评估碎片化的方法。还从以下几个方面介绍了光降解塑料碎片对海洋环境的影响：(i) 光降解产物和稳定剂的泄漏；(ii) 有机污染物的积累、转移和泄漏；以及 (iii) 对海洋生物的毒性。
