Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), USA.
Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), USA.
Appetite. 2021 Dec 1;167:105593. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105593. Epub 2021 Jul 9.
Recent evidence suggests that atypical major depressive disorder (MDD) - whose key features include the reversed somatic symptoms of hyperphagia (increased appetite) and hypersomnia (increased sleep) - is a stronger predictor of future obesity than other MDD subtypes. The mechanisms underlying this relationship are unclear. The present study sought to elucidate whether the individual symptoms of hyperphagia, hypersomnia, poor appetite, and disturbed sleep have differential relationships with food attentional bias, emotional eating, external eating, and restrained eating. This cross-sectional laboratory study involved 103 young adults without obesity (mean age = 20 years, 79% female, 26% non-White, mean BMI = 23.4 kg/m). We measured total depressive symptom severity and individual symptoms of hyperphagia, poor appetite, and disturbed sleep using the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-20 (SCL-20) and added an item to assess hypersomnia; food attentional bias using a Food Stroop task; and self-reported eating behaviors using the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Hyperphagia was positively associated with emotional eating but negatively associated with food attentional bias. Hypersomnia was negatively associated with emotional eating. Poor appetite was negatively associated with emotional eating. Disturbed sleep was positively associated with food attentional bias and emotional eating. An aggregate of the remaining 15 depressive symptoms (SCL-15) was positively associated with emotional and restrained eating. Our findings highlight the importance of examining the direction of somatic depressive symptoms, and they set the stage for future research to identify subgroups of people with depression at greatest risk for obesity (e.g., those with hyperphagia and/or disturbed sleep) and the mechanisms responsible for this elevated risk (e.g., emotional eating).
近期的证据表明，非典型性重度抑郁症（MDD）——其主要特征包括厌食症（食欲增加）和嗜睡症（睡眠增加）的躯体症状逆转——比其他 MDD 亚型更能预测未来的肥胖症。这种关系的机制尚不清楚。本研究旨在阐明厌食症、嗜睡症、食欲减退和睡眠障碍等个体症状与食物注意力偏差、情绪化进食、外部进食和节食进食之间是否存在不同的关系。这项横断面实验室研究涉及 103 名没有肥胖的年轻成年人（平均年龄 20 岁，79%为女性，26%为非白人，平均 BMI 为 23.4kg/m）。我们使用 Hopkins 症状清单-20（SCL-20）来测量总抑郁症状严重程度和厌食症、食欲减退和睡眠障碍的个体症状，还添加了一个评估嗜睡症的项目；使用食物 Stroop 任务来测量食物注意力偏差；使用荷兰饮食行为问卷来测量自我报告的饮食行为。厌食症与情绪化进食呈正相关，但与食物注意力偏差呈负相关。嗜睡症与情绪化进食呈负相关。食欲减退与情绪化进食呈负相关。睡眠障碍与食物注意力偏差和情绪化进食呈正相关。其余 15 个抑郁症状（SCL-15）的总和与情绪化和节食进食呈正相关。我们的发现强调了检查躯体抑郁症状方向的重要性，为未来研究确定最易患肥胖症的抑郁症亚组（例如，有厌食症和/或睡眠障碍的人群）以及导致这种风险升高的机制（例如，情绪化进食）奠定了基础。
