Ethical considerations in the treatment of multiple sclerosis fatigue.

Fatigue is the most common symptom and a leading cause of disability multiple sclerosis (MS). Despite the lack of evidence, several medications are frequently prescribed by physicians to ameliorate fatigue in patients with MS. However, a recent study demonstrated that improvement in fatigue severity with these medications appears to be due to placebo effect and is also is associated with more frequent adverse events than the placebo. These findings raise ethical concerns surrounding the initiation and discontinuation of these treatments for fatigue in MS. Starting these medications for the treatment of MS fatigue for their placebo effect may not be justified. However, stopping the medications in patients who report symptomatic benefits and have no side effects may also not be ethical. In MS care non-pharmacological approaches for fatigue treatment, such as exercise and cognitive behavioral therapy, should now be prioritized. Novel study designs may be necessary to address placebo response in future clinical trials evaluating interventions for fatigue in MS.