The University of Iowa, College of Nursing - 322 CNB, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States.
University of Washington, Dept Child, Family and Population Health Nursing, United States; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, United States.
Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2021 Dec;67:103109. doi: 10.1016/j.iccn.2021.103109. Epub 2021 Jul 8.
This exploratory study (a) examined pre-existing and peri-trauma risk factors of parental stress during a child's PICU hospitalisation using the Integrative Trajectory Model of Paediatric Medical Traumatic Stress and (b) identified the type of PICU-related stressors that predicted parental stress during the child's PICU hospitalisation.
A cross-sectional, descriptive correlational design with 81 parents of children admitted 48 or more hours to a Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). Questionnaires measured parent's and child's demographic and clinical characteristics and parent-reported stressors using the Parental Stressors Scale (PSS:PICU). Analysis included descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression analyses with simultaneous predictor entry.
Male parents tended to be significantly more stressed than female parents. Parental stress was significantly increased when parents had one or more stressful life events one-month prior to PICU admission, when the child required ventilatory support, or the child had a cardiovascular diagnosis. Parental stress was also predicted by the child's appearance, procedures, child's behaviour, behaviour of staff, and parental role.
Nurses are in a prime position to identify parents at potentially high risk for psychological morbidity when they know a parent has had a stressful life event prior to admission, has a child with a cardiovascular diagnosis or requires ventilatory assistance. Nurses can diminish parental stress by interpreting the child's appearance for parents, helping parents understand the procedures being done for the child, interpreting the child's behaviour, explaining the staff's behaviour, and assisting parents to define their parental role during the child's hospitalisation.
本探索性研究（a）使用儿科医疗创伤应激的综合轨迹模型，检查儿童在 PICU 住院期间父母压力的既有和创伤前风险因素，（b）确定预测儿童在 PICU 住院期间父母压力的 PICU 相关压力源的类型。
采用横断面描述性相关设计，纳入 81 名儿童在儿科重症监护病房（PICU）住院 48 小时以上的父母。问卷调查测量了父母和孩子的人口统计学和临床特征以及父母使用父母压力量表（PSS：PICU）报告的压力源。分析包括描述性统计和多元线性回归分析，同时进行预测因子的输入。
男性父母的压力明显高于女性父母。当父母在 PICU 入院前一个月有一个或多个压力生活事件、孩子需要通气支持或孩子有心血管诊断时，父母的压力会显著增加。儿童的外貌、程序、儿童的行为、工作人员的行为和父母的角色也预测了父母的压力。
当护士了解到父母在入院前有压力生活事件、孩子有心血管诊断或需要通气辅助时，他们可以通过为父母解释孩子的外貌、帮助父母理解为孩子进行的程序、解释孩子的行为、解释工作人员的行为以及协助父母在孩子住院期间确定其父母角色，从而识别出可能有心理疾病风险的父母。
