Saternus K S
Institut für Rechtsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin.
Z Rechtsmed. 1987;99(2):95-108. doi: 10.1007/BF00200629.
In contrast to the large fracture system of the base of the skull, little attention has so far been paid to fractures of the occipital condyles. The mechanics of these fractures have mostly been described in the form of case reports. Here an attempt is made to classify fractures of the occipital condyle based on the literature and our own material. Fractures of the condyles in the sense of bursting or the injuries themselves are classified under the following forms of strain: 1. Axial compression (Jefferson type) condylar impression; 2. Axial traction (hangman's type) condylar retraction; 3. Rotation with axial strain condylar retraction; 4. Oblique compression (bursting fracture of the abutment) frontal condylar fracture; contralateral; 5. Oblique traction (horizontal thrust); a tearing at the base of the skull as in a contralateral condylar horizontal fracture; 6. Transverse thrust (longitudinal fracture of the base of the skull) partial condylar avulsion The functional connection between a longitudinal clivus and condylar fracture is illustrated by typical examples. Furthermore, the elliptical deformation model for a burst fracture at the base of the skull in the longitudinal axis is extended by the deeper transverse thrust stabilization of the condyles.
与颅底的大型骨折系统形成对比的是，枕髁骨折至今很少受到关注。这些骨折的力学机制大多以病例报告的形式被描述。在此，我们尝试根据文献和我们自己的资料对枕髁骨折进行分类。爆裂性髁突骨折或损伤本身可归类为以下几种应变形式：1. 轴向压缩（杰斐逊型）髁突压痕；2. 轴向牵引（绞刑架型）髁突后缩；3. 伴有轴向应变的旋转髁突后缩；4. 斜向压缩（基底部爆裂骨折）额部髁突骨折；对侧；5. 斜向牵引（水平推力）；如对侧髁突水平骨折那样在颅底底部撕裂；6. 横向推力（颅底纵向骨折）部分髁突撕脱。典型例子说明了斜坡纵向骨折与髁突骨折之间的功能联系。此外，通过髁突更深的横向推力稳定作用，扩展了颅底纵向轴爆裂骨折的椭圆形变形模型。
