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颅颈交界区创伤性损伤患者病例系列的回顾性分析。

Retrospective analysis of a case series of patients with traumatic injuries to the craniocervical junction.

作者信息

Esteves Luiz Adriano, Joaquim Andrei Fernandes, Tedeschi Helder

机构信息

Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.

Núcleo do Hospital de Força Aérea de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

出版信息

Einstein (Sao Paulo). 2016 Oct-Dec;14(4):528-533. doi: 10.1590/S1679-45082016AO3396.

DOI:10.1590/S1679-45082016AO3396
PMID:28076601
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5221380/
Abstract

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the correlation between the treatment, the characteristics of the lesions and the clinical outcome of patients with traumatic injuries to the craniocervical junction.

METHODS

This was a retrospective study of patients treated conservatively or surgically between 2010 and 2013 with complete data sets.

RESULTS

We analyzed 37 patients, 73% were men with mean age of 41.7 years. Of these, 32% were submitted to initial surgical treatment and 68% received conservative treatment. Seven (29%) underwent surgery subsequently. In the surgical group, there were seven cases of odontoid type II fractures, two cases of fracture of posterior elements of the axis, one case of C1-C2 dislocation with associated fractured C2, one case of occipitocervical dislocation, and one case of combined C1 and C2 fractures, and facet dislocation. Only one patient had neurological déficit that improved after treatment. Two surgical complications were seen: a liquoric fistula and one surgical wound infection (reaproached). In the group treated conservatively, odontoid fractures (eight cases) and fractures of the posterior elements of C2 (five cases) were more frequent. In two cases, in addition to the injuries of the craniocervical junction, there were fractures in other segments of the spine. None of the patients who underwent conservative treatment presented neurological deterioration.

CONCLUSION

Although injuries of craniocervical junction are relatively rare, they usually involve fractures of the odontoid and the posterior elements of the axis. Our results recommend early surgical treatment for type II odontoid fractures and ligament injuries, the conservative treatment for other injuries.

OBJETIVO

Avaliar a correlação entre o tratamento, as características das lesões e o resultado clínico em pacientes com lesões traumáticas na junção craniocervical.

MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo de pacientes maiores de 18 anos tratados de forma conservadora ou cirúrgica, entre 2010 e 2013.

RESULTADOS

Foram analisados 37 pacientes, 73% eram do sexo masculino e a média de idade foi de 41,7 anos. Inicialmente 32% dos pacientes foram submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico, e 68% foram submetidos a tratamento conservador. Sete pacientes (29%) do grupo conservador foram submetidos posteriormente à cirurgia. No grupo cirúrgico, houve sete casos de fratura de odontóide tipo II, dois casos de fratura de elementos posteriores do áxis, um caso de luxação C1-C2, um caso de deslocamento occipito-cervical e um caso de fraturas de C1 e C2 e luxação facetária. Um paciente apresentava déficit neurológico, melhorando após o tratamento. Houve duas complicações pós-cirúrgicas, uma fístula liquórica e uma infecção de ferida operatória (reabordada). No grupo conservador, predominaram as fraturas do odontóide (oito) e dos elementos posteriores de C2 (cinco). Em dois casos, havia também fraturas em outros segmentos da coluna. Nenhum dos pacientes deste grupo apresentou deterioração neurológica.

CONCLUSÃO: As lesões da junção craniocervical são raras, sendo mais frequentes as fraturas do odontóide e dos elementos posteriores do áxis. Nossos resultados recomendam o tratamento cirúrgico precoce para os pacientes com fraturas do odontóide tipo II e lesões ligamentares, e tratamento conservador para os demais pacientes.

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5b9b/5221380/142fe6b8b1f1/1679-4508-eins-14-04-0528-gf03.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5b9b/5221380/d678b57bd497/1679-4508-eins-14-04-0528-gf01.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5b9b/5221380/200664033ffa/1679-4508-eins-14-04-0528-gf02.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5b9b/5221380/142fe6b8b1f1/1679-4508-eins-14-04-0528-gf03.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5b9b/5221380/d678b57bd497/1679-4508-eins-14-04-0528-gf01.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5b9b/5221380/200664033ffa/1679-4508-eins-14-04-0528-gf02.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5b9b/5221380/142fe6b8b1f1/1679-4508-eins-14-04-0528-gf03.jpg
摘要

目的

评估颅颈交界区创伤患者的治疗方法、损伤特征与临床结果之间的相关性。

方法

这是一项对2010年至2013年间接受保守治疗或手术治疗且数据集完整的患者进行的回顾性研究。

结果

我们分析了37例患者,其中73%为男性,平均年龄41.7岁。这些患者中,32%接受了初始手术治疗,68%接受了保守治疗。7例(29%)随后接受了手术。手术组中,有7例齿状突II型骨折、2例枢椎后部骨折、1例C1-C2脱位伴C2骨折、1例枕颈脱位以及1例C1和C2骨折合并关节突脱位。只有1例患者存在神经功能缺损,治疗后有所改善。出现了2例手术并发症:1例脑脊液漏和1例手术切口感染(再次手术处理)。在保守治疗组中,齿状突骨折(8例)和C2后部骨折(5例)更为常见。2例患者除颅颈交界区损伤外,脊柱其他节段也有骨折。接受保守治疗的患者均未出现神经功能恶化。

结论

尽管颅颈交界区损伤相对少见,但通常累及齿状突和枢椎后部骨折。我们的结果建议对II型齿状突骨折和韧带损伤患者尽早进行手术治疗,对其他损伤患者进行保守治疗。

目的

评估颅颈交界区创伤患者的治疗、损伤特征与临床结果之间的相关性。

方法

对2010年至2013年间18岁以上接受保守或手术治疗的患者进行回顾性研究。

结果

分析了37例患者,73%为男性,平均年龄41.7岁。最初32%的患者接受了手术治疗,68%接受了保守治疗。保守治疗组中有7例(29%)患者随后接受了手术。手术组中有7例齿状突II型骨折、2例枢椎后部骨折、1例C1-C2脱位、1例枕颈脱位以及1例C1和C2骨折合并关节突脱位。1例患者存在神经功能缺损,治疗后好转。出现了2例术后并发症,1例脑脊液漏和1例手术切口感染(再次手术处理)。保守治疗组中,以齿状突骨折(8例)和C2后部骨折(5例)为主。2例患者在其他脊柱节段也有骨折。该组患者均未出现神经功能恶化。

结论

颅颈交界区损伤少见,齿状突和枢椎后部骨折更为常见。我们的结果建议对II型齿状突骨折和韧带损伤患者尽早进行手术治疗,其他患者进行保守治疗。

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