Kastamonu University, Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Aquaculture, Kastamonu, Turkey.
Azzaytuna University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Tarhuna, Libya.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2021 Sep;116:98-106. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.07.001. Epub 2021 Jul 9.
Medicinal herbs are used for growth promotion, disease control and other health benefits in aquaculture industry. Here, we examined the effect of dietary laurel-leaf cistus (Cistus laurifolius) ethanolic extract on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, haematological profile and nonspecific immune responses in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). In addition, resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila infection was examined. Common carp was fed diets containing 0 (Control), 0.1 (CL0.1), 0.5 (CL0.5) and 1 (CL1) g kg laurel-leaf cistus extract for 45 days. After 30 days, superoxide anion production (SAP) increased in CL0.1 and CL0.5 fish groups and at the end of the study all experimental fish groups had higher SAP compared to that of the control (P ˂ 0.05). Lysozyme activity (LA) was elevated in CL0.5 and CL1 treated groups on 30th day (P < 0.05), and this increase was only observed in C0.1 fish group at the end of study compared to control (P ˂ 0.05). Myeloperoxidase activity was significantly increased in CL0.5 and CL1 fish groups at the end of study. IL-1βgene expression was significantly increased in treated fish in a dose-depended manner. Similar results were observed for transcription of IL-6 and IL-8 (P < 0.05). Anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-10 and TGF-β were highly up-regulated in the intestine and head kidney of CL treated fish groups compared to control (P < 0.05). At the end of experiment, significantly higher final body weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate were obtained in CL0.1 treated fish group compared to control. However, growth was negatively affected in CL1 fish group (P < 0.05). CL1 fish group had also a significantly higher FCR. Amylase activity was significantly increased in all experimental fish groups compared to control (P ˂ 0.05). Trypsin activity was decreased in CL0.1 and CL1 fish groups (P ˂ 0.05). WBC and RBC were significantly increased (P ˂ 0.05) in CL0.5 and CL1 fish groups, whereas haemoglobin, haematocrit, mean cell, mean cell haemoglobin contents were no significantly changed among control and treatment groups. Result of challenge test with A. hydrophila exhibited that survival rate in all treatment groups was significantly higher than that of control. These findings demonstrated that laurel-leaf cistus at 0.1 g kg can be a suitable candidate for growth promotion, immune system induction and infection control in fish.
药用植物被用于水产养殖中的生长促进、疾病控制和其他健康益处。在这里，我们研究了饲料中添加月桂叶薰衣（Cistus laurifolius）乙醇提取物对鲤鱼（Cyprinus carpio）生长性能、消化酶活性、血液学特征和非特异性免疫反应的影响。此外，还研究了其对嗜水气单胞菌感染的抵抗力。鲤鱼被喂食含有 0（对照）、0.1（CL0.1）、0.5（CL0.5）和 1（CL1）g/kg 月桂叶薰衣提取物的饲料 45 天。30 天后，CL0.1 和 CL0.5 组鱼的超氧化物阴离子产生（SAP）增加，而在研究结束时，所有实验组鱼的 SAP 均高于对照组（P ˂ 0.05）。CL0.5 和 CL1 处理组的溶菌酶活性（LA）在第 30 天升高（P ˂ 0.05），而在研究结束时，仅在 C0.1 组鱼中观察到与对照组相比的升高（P ˂ 0.05）。髓过氧化物酶活性在研究结束时 CL0.5 和 CL1 组鱼中显著增加。IL-1β基因表达以剂量依赖的方式在处理鱼中显著增加。IL-6 和 IL-8 的转录也观察到类似的结果（P ˂ 0.05）。与对照组相比，CL 处理组鱼的抗炎细胞因子 IL-10 和 TGF-β在肠道和头肾中高度上调（P ˂ 0.05）。在实验结束时，与对照组相比，CL0.1 处理组鱼的最终体重、体重增加和特定生长率显著提高。然而，CL1 组鱼的生长受到负面影响（P ˂ 0.05）。CL1 组鱼的饲料转化率也显著升高。与对照组相比，所有实验组鱼的淀粉酶活性均显著升高（P ˂ 0.05）。CL0.1 和 CL1 组鱼的胰蛋白酶活性降低（P ˂ 0.05）。CL0.5 和 CL1 组鱼的白细胞和红细胞显著增加（P ˂ 0.05），而血红蛋白、红细胞压积、平均细胞、平均细胞血红蛋白含量在对照组和处理组之间无显著变化。用嗜水气单胞菌进行攻毒试验的结果表明，所有处理组的存活率均显著高于对照组。这些发现表明，饲料中添加 0.1 g/kg 的月桂叶薰衣可以作为促进鱼类生长、诱导免疫系统和控制感染的合适候选物。
