Department of Engineering Systems and Services, Delft University of Technology, Jaffalaan 5, 2628 BX Delft, The Netherlands.
Faraday Discuss. 2021 Jul 16;230(0):271-291. doi: 10.1039/d0fd00139b.
The decarbonization of concrete production requires a multi-pronged approach including the abatement of CO2 emissions from cement production as well as storage of CO2 within concrete itself. This study explores the decarbonization potential of combining bioenergy and carbon capture and storage (CCS) during cement production with the accelerated carbonation of fresh concrete and the natural carbonation of demolished concrete for the life cycle net CO2 of 30 MPa ordinary Portland concrete. As both biomass and concrete reuptake CO2 over time, the timing of CO2 emissions and removals is explicitly accounted for. At current technology levels, the combination of bioenergy and CCS in cement production combined with the carbonation of demolished concrete was seen in our model to allow for net CO2-negative concrete. However, the concrete is CO2-positive until the CO2 of production is reabsorbed by biomass regrowth and the carbonation of demolished concrete at end-of-life. In our model, accelerated carbonation was, by itself, an inefficient CO2 storage mechanism, due to the penalty of energy use and injection losses. However, if it led to a gain in concrete strength, accelerated carbonation could result in lower CO2via reduced resource demand and cement production.
混凝土生产的脱碳需要采取多管齐下的方法，包括减少水泥生产中的二氧化碳排放，以及在混凝土内部储存二氧化碳。本研究探讨了在水泥生产过程中结合生物能源和碳捕获与封存（CCS）、新鲜混凝土加速碳化以及拆除混凝土自然碳化的脱碳潜力，以实现 30MPa 普通波特兰水泥生命周期的净 CO2。由于生物质和混凝土随着时间的推移会重新吸收 CO2，因此明确考虑了 CO2 排放和去除的时间安排。在当前的技术水平下，我们的模型表明，在水泥生产中结合生物能源和 CCS 并结合拆除混凝土的碳化，可以生产出净 CO2 负的混凝土。然而，在 CO2 的生产被生物质的再生长和拆除混凝土在寿命结束时的碳化重新吸收之前，混凝土是 CO2 正的。在我们的模型中，加速碳化本身是一种低效的 CO2 储存机制，因为它需要能源使用和注入损失的惩罚。然而，如果加速碳化导致混凝土强度的提高，那么通过减少资源需求和水泥生产，加速碳化可以导致更低的 CO2。
