Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.
Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Clin Microbiol Infect. 2021 Nov;27(11):1581-1588. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2021.07.009. Epub 2021 Jul 11.
There is wide variation in the availability and training of specialists in the diagnosis and management of infections across Europe.
To describe and reflect on the current objectives, structure and content of European curricula and examinations for the training and assessment of medical specialists in Clinical (Medical) Microbiology (CM/MM) and Infectious Diseases (ID).
Narrative review of developments over the past two decades and related policy documents and scientific literature.
Responsibility for curricula and examinations lies with the European Union of Medical Specialists (UEMS). The ID Section of UEMS was inaugurated in 1997 and the MM Section separated from Laboratory Medicine in 2008. The sections collaborate closely with each other and the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID). Updated European Training Requirements (ETR) were approved for MM in 2017 and ID in 2018. These comprehensive curricula outline the framework for delivery of specialist training and quality control for trainers and training programmes, emphasizing the need for documented, regular formative reviews of progress of trainees. Competencies to be achieved include both specialty-related and generic knowledge, skills and professional behaviours. The indicative length of training is typically 5 years; a year of clinical training is mandated for CM/MM trainees and 6 months of microbiology laboratory training for ID trainees. Each Section is developing examinations using multiple choice questions to test the knowledge base defined in their ETR, to be delivered in 2022 following pilot examinations in 2021.
The revised ETRs and European examinations for medical specialists in CM/MM and ID provide benchmarks for national authorities to adapt or adopt locally. Through harmonization of postgraduate training and assessment, they support the promotion and recognition of high standards of clinical practice and hence improved care for patients throughout Europe, and improved mobility of trainees and specialists.
欧洲各地在感染的诊断和管理方面的专家的可用性和培训存在广泛差异。
描述和反思欧洲医学专家培训和评估的临床（医学）微生物学（CM/MM）和传染病（ID）课程和考试的当前目标、结构和内容。
对过去二十年的发展以及相关政策文件和科学文献的叙述性审查。
课程和考试的责任由欧洲医学专家联盟（UEMS）承担。UEMS 的 ID 科于 1997 年成立，MM 科于 2008 年从实验室医学中分离出来。这两个科室与欧洲临床微生物学和传染病学会（ESCMID）密切合作。2017 年批准了 MM 的最新欧洲培训要求（ETR），2018 年批准了 ID 的 ETR。这些综合课程概述了提供专业培训和培训师及培训计划质量控制的框架，强调需要对学员的进展进行有文件记录的定期形成性审查。要实现的能力包括专业相关和通用的知识、技能和专业行为。培训的典型长度为 5 年；CM/MM 学员需要进行一年的临床培训，ID 学员需要进行六个月的微生物学实验室培训。每个科室都在使用多项选择题开发考试，以测试其 ETR 中定义的知识库，并在 2021 年试点考试后于 2022 年进行。
修订后的 CM/MM 和 ID 医学专家的 ETR 和欧洲考试为国家当局提供了适应或采用的基准。通过协调研究生培训和评估，它们支持促进和认可高标准的临床实践，从而改善整个欧洲的患者护理，并提高学员和专家的流动性。
