Zhou Yaping, Sommer Mauritz Leonard, Hochholdinger Frank
INRES, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Crop Functional Genomics, University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany.
J Exp Bot. 2021 Jul 16. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erab334.
Cold stress adversely affects plant growth and is a limiting factor in crop productivity. Temperature volatility as a consequence of climate change will increase the effects of cold stress on crop cultivation. Low temperatures frequently occur early after planting in temperate climates and severely affect root development in cereals. In this review we address the question how cereal root systems respond to cold on different scales. First, we summarize the morphological, physiological and cellular responses of cereal roots to cold stress and how these processes are regulated by phytohormones. Subsequently, we highlight the status of the genetic and molecular dissection of cold tolerance with emphasis on the role of cold-responsive genes in improving cold tolerance in cereal roots. Finally, we discuss the role of beneficial microorganisms and mineral nutrients in ameliorating the effects of cold stress in cereal roots. A comprehensive knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying cold tolerance will ensure yield stability by enabling the generation of cold-tolerant crop genotypes.
冷胁迫对植物生长产生不利影响，是作物生产力的限制因素。气候变化导致的温度波动将增加冷胁迫对作物种植的影响。在温带气候下，低温经常在播种后早期出现，并严重影响谷类作物的根系发育。在本综述中，我们探讨了谷类作物根系在不同尺度上对低温的响应问题。首先，我们总结了谷类作物根系对冷胁迫的形态、生理和细胞响应，以及这些过程如何受植物激素调控。随后，我们重点介绍了耐寒性的遗传和分子解析现状，强调了冷响应基因在提高谷类作物根系耐寒性中的作用。最后，我们讨论了有益微生物和矿质营养在减轻谷类作物根系冷胁迫影响方面的作用。全面了解耐寒性的分子机制将通过培育耐寒作物基因型来确保产量稳定性。
