School of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
School of Education, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
Neuropsychologia. 2021 Sep 17;160:107948. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.107948. Epub 2021 Jul 13.
Existing studies have investigated gradual subjective consciousnesses, guess, intuition, fluency, rule, and memory, and their fluctuation behavioral characteristics in implicit learning, but they did not investigate or elucidate the underlying brain mechanisms. Therefore, the current study asked participants to report subjective consciousnesses in each trial of inclusion and exclusion tasks after implicit sequence learning and used the eyes-closed and eyes-opened resting-states' fMRI to examine the relevant brain areas of the five gradual subjective consciousnesses and their fluctuation. The results showed that: (1) There were many relevant resting-state brain areas of the five gradual subjective consciousnesses to reveal their brain mechanisms. In the eyes-closed and eyes-opened resting states, as the participants' consciousness level was gradually increasing from guess to intuition, to fluency, to rule, and to memory, the positively-relevant brain areas correspondingly changed from somatic motor to a mixture of somatic motor, consciousness, emotion feeling, and implicit learning; and then to a mixture of visual, somatic motor, and consciousness; and then to a mixture of visual, somatic motor, and consciousness; and then to a mixture of visual, somatic motor, and consciousness. The negatively-relevant brain areas correspondingly changed from a mixture of visual, consciousness, somatic sensory, and implicit learning to a mixture of visual, somatic motor, somatic sensory, and other consciousness; and then to memory; and then to a mixture of other somatic motors; and then to a mixture of other consciousness and other somatic motors. However, in the amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFFs)-difference, the relative directions of the guess and intuition were almost opposite to those in the eyes-closed and eyes-opened resting states. But the relative directions of the fluency, rule, and memory were consistent with those in the eyes-closed and eyes-opened resting states. (2) There were significant gradual subjective consciousness fluctuations, including the gradual subjective consciousness fluctuation-all M and SD. There were many relevant resting-state brain areas of gradual subjective consciousness fluctuations to reveal their brain mechanisms. The gradual subjective consciousness fluctuation M was positively related to Calcarine_R, Lingual_R, Lingual_R, Temporal_Pole_Mid_L, ParaHippocampal_L, Vermis_1_2, and Vermis_7; but was negatively related to Calcarine_R. The gradual subjective consciousness fluctuation-all SD was positively related to Parietal_Inf_L, Thalamus_L, Temporal_Mid_L, Vermis_9, Parietal_Inf_L, and Thalamus_L and Thalamus_R; but was negatively related to Rolandic_Oper_R, Rolandic_Oper_R, Insula_L, Insula_R, Cingulum_Post_L, and Temporal_Mid_L. The detailed function of the relevant brain areas of consciousness fluctuations needs further investigation. (3) ALFFs in eyes-closed and eyes-opened resting states and their ALFFs-difference could differently predict the five gradual subjective consciousnesses and their fluctuations, indicating that using the two resting states was necessary, and the ALFFs-difference was a new quantitative sensitivity index of the gradual subjective consciousnesses and their fluctuations.
已有研究考察了内隐学习中逐渐出现的主观意识、猜测、直觉、流畅性、规则和记忆及其波动的行为特征，但并未探讨或阐明其潜在的大脑机制。因此，本研究要求参与者在进行内隐序列学习后，报告包含和排除任务中每个试次的主观意识，并使用闭眼和睁眼静息态 fMRI 来检测五个逐渐出现的主观意识及其波动的相关脑区。结果表明：（1）存在许多与五个逐渐出现的主观意识相关的静息态脑区，以揭示其大脑机制。在闭眼和睁眼静息态下，随着参与者的意识水平从猜测逐渐增加到直觉、流畅性、规则和记忆，正相关的脑区相应地从躯体运动区变化为躯体运动区、意识区、情绪感受区和内隐学习区的混合；然后变化为视觉区、躯体运动区和意识区的混合；然后变化为视觉区、躯体运动区和意识区的混合；然后变化为视觉区、躯体运动区和意识区的混合。负相关的脑区相应地从视觉区、意识区、躯体感觉区和内隐学习区变化为视觉区、躯体运动区、躯体感觉区和其他意识区的混合；然后变化为记忆区；然后变化为其他躯体运动区的混合；然后变化为其他意识区和其他躯体运动区的混合。然而，在低频振幅（ALFF）差异中，猜测和直觉的相对方向几乎与闭眼和睁眼静息态的相对方向相反。但是流畅性、规则和记忆的相对方向与闭眼和睁眼静息态的相对方向一致。（2）存在显著的逐渐出现的主观意识波动，包括逐渐出现的主观意识波动-all M 和 SD。存在许多与逐渐出现的主观意识波动相关的静息态脑区，以揭示其大脑机制。逐渐出现的主观意识波动 M 与 Calcarine_R、Lingual_R、Lingual_R、Temporal_Pole_Mid_L、ParaHippocampal_L、Vermis_1_2 和 Vermis_7 呈正相关；但与 Calcarine_R 呈负相关。逐渐出现的主观意识波动-all SD 与 Parietal_Inf_L、Thalamus_L、Temporal_Mid_L、Vermis_9、Parietal_Inf_L 和 Thalamus_L 和 Thalamus_R 呈正相关；但与 Rolandic_Oper_R、Rolandic_Oper_R、Insula_L、Insula_R、Cingulum_Post_L 和 Temporal_Mid_L 呈负相关。意识波动相关脑区的详细功能需要进一步研究。（3）闭眼和睁眼静息态的 ALFFs 及其 ALFFs 差异可以不同地预测五个逐渐出现的主观意识及其波动，表明使用两种静息态是必要的，并且 ALFFs 差异是逐渐出现的主观意识及其波动的新的定量敏感性指标。
