University Clinic of Prosthodontics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
Private Practice, Vipiteno, Italy.
Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2022 Mar;51(3):380-387. doi: 10.1016/j.ijom.2021.06.008. Epub 2021 Jul 15.
During the last decades, the number of immunosuppressed organ transplant patients has increased consistently. Nevertheless, immunosuppression has been discussed as a contraindication for dental implant procedures for many years. Hence, the purpose of this systematic review was to assess the survival rate and outcomes of dental implants after solid organ transplantation. An electronic and manual literature search was conducted up to March 2021. Publications describing dental implants placed in patients after organ transplantation were included without any limitations regarding study design or date of publication. Ten articles met the inclusion criteria, leading to a sample of 93 patients with 249 implants. Implant survival rates were 100% over a mean follow-up of 60 months. In every case, implant surgery was performed under antibiotic coverage. No major medication-related complications were reported. Despite the limited amount of evidence in the literature, implant procedures seem to be a safe treatment option in immunosuppressed organ transplant patients. The observance of appropriate treatment protocols including a strict maintenance programme seems to be crucial for the long-term success of such treatments. However, stringent data regarding various influencing factors such as the prevalence of peri-implantitis are still missing.
在过去的几十年中，接受免疫抑制治疗的器官移植患者的数量持续增加。然而，多年来，免疫抑制一直被认为是牙科种植手术的禁忌症。因此，本系统评价的目的是评估实体器官移植后种植牙的存活率和结果。电子和手动文献检索截至 2021 年 3 月。纳入了描述器官移植后患者种植牙的研究，无论研究设计或发表日期如何，均不受限制。符合纳入标准的有 10 篇文章，共纳入 93 例患者，249 个种植体。平均随访 60 个月后，种植体的存活率为 100%。在每种情况下，种植手术都在抗生素覆盖下进行。未报告与药物相关的重大并发症。尽管文献中的证据有限，但种植牙手术似乎是免疫抑制器官移植患者的一种安全治疗选择。遵守适当的治疗方案，包括严格的维护计划，对于此类治疗的长期成功至关重要。然而，关于各种影响因素（如种植体周围炎的患病率）的严格数据仍然缺失。
