Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China.
Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, China.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2021 Oct 1;222:112514. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112514. Epub 2021 Jul 17.
Pendimethalin (PND) is one of the best sellers of selective herbicide in the world and has been frequently detected in the water. However, little is known about its effects on cardiac development. In this study, we used zebrafish to investigate the developmental and cardiac toxicity of PND. We exposed the zebrafish embryos with a serial of concentrations at 3, 4, and 5 mg/L at 5.5-72 h post-fertilization (hpf). We found that PND exposure can reduce the heart rate, survival rate, and body length of zebrafish embryos. Furthermore, we identified many malformations including pericardial and yolk sac edema, spinal deformity, and cardiac looping abnormality. In addition, PND increased the expression of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde and reduced the activity of superoxide dismutase (Antioxidant enzymes); We examined the expression of cardiac development-related genes and the apoptosis markers, and found changes of the following marker: vmhc, nppa, tbx5a, nkx2.5, gata4, tbx2b and FoxO1, bax, bcl-2, p53, casp-9, casp-3. Our data showed that activation of Wnt pathway can rescue the cardiac abnormalities caused by PND. Our results provided new evidence for the toxicity of PND and suggested that the PND residual should be treated as a hazard in the environment.
二甲戊灵（PND）是世界上最畅销的选择性除草剂之一，经常在水中检测到。然而，关于它对心脏发育的影响知之甚少。在这项研究中，我们使用斑马鱼来研究 PND 的发育和心脏毒性。我们在受精后 5.5-72 小时（hpf）以 3、4 和 5 mg/L 的一系列浓度暴露斑马鱼胚胎。我们发现 PND 暴露会降低斑马鱼胚胎的心率、存活率和体长。此外，我们还鉴定出许多畸形，包括心包和卵黄囊水肿、脊柱畸形和心脏环异常。此外，PND 增加了活性氧和丙二醛的表达，降低了超氧化物歧化酶的活性（抗氧化酶）；我们检查了心脏发育相关基因和凋亡标志物的表达，发现以下标志物发生变化：vmhc、nppa、tbx5a、nkx2.5、gata4、tbx2b 和 FoxO1、bax、bcl-2、p53、casp-9、casp-3。我们的数据表明，Wnt 通路的激活可以挽救 PND 引起的心脏异常。我们的结果为 PND 的毒性提供了新的证据，并表明 PND 残留应被视为环境中的危害。
