Uematsu Yuki
Department of Physics, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
J Phys Condens Matter. 2021 Aug 5;33(42). doi: 10.1088/1361-648X/ac15d5.
The surface charge of a water interface determines many fundamental processes in physical chemistry and interface science, and it has been intensively studied for over a hundred years. We summarize experimental methods to characterize the surface charge densities developed so far: electrokinetics, double-layer force measurements, potentiometric titration, surface-sensitive nonlinear spectroscopy, and surface-sensitive mass spectrometry. Then, we elucidate physical ion adsorption and chemical electrification as examples of electrification mechanisms. In the end, novel effects on surface electrification are discussed in detail. We believe that this clear overview of state of the art in a charged water interface will surely help the fundamental progress of physics and chemistry at interfaces in the future.
水界面的表面电荷决定了物理化学和界面科学中的许多基本过程，并且已经被深入研究了一百多年。我们总结了迄今为止用于表征表面电荷密度的实验方法：电动学、双层力测量、电位滴定、表面敏感非线性光谱学和表面敏感质谱学。然后，我们以物理离子吸附和化学带电为例阐明带电机制。最后，详细讨论了表面带电的新效应。我们相信，对带电水界面现有技术水平的这一清晰概述必将有助于未来界面物理和化学的基础进展。
