Lin Shiquan, Chen Xiangyu, Wang Zhong Lin
Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P. R. China.
School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China.
Chem Rev. 2022 Mar 9;122(5):5209-5232. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00176. Epub 2021 Jun 23.
Interfaces between a liquid and a solid (L-S) are the most important surface science in chemistry, catalysis, energy, and even biology. Formation of an electric double layer (EDL) at the L-S interface has been attributed due to the adsorption of a layer of ions at the solid surface, which causes the ions in the liquid to redistribute. Although the existence of a layer of charges on a solid surface is always assumed, the origin of the charges is not extensively explored. Recent studies of contact electrification (CE) between a liquid and a solid suggest that electron transfer plays a dominant role at the initial stage for forming the charge layer at the L-S interface. Here, we review the recent works about electron transfer in liquid-solid CE, including scenerios such as liquid-insulator, liquid-semiconductor, and liquid-metal. Formation of the EDL is revisited considering the existence of electron transfer at the L-S interface. Furthermore, the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) technique based on the liquid-solid CE is introduced, which can be used not only for harvesting mechanical energy from a liquid but also as a probe for probing the charge transfer at liquid-solid interfaces.
液体与固体（L-S）之间的界面是化学、催化、能源乃至生物学中最重要的表面科学领域。在L-S界面形成双电层（EDL）被认为是由于固体表面吸附了一层离子，这导致液体中的离子重新分布。尽管总是假定固体表面存在一层电荷，但电荷的起源并未得到广泛研究。最近关于液体与固体之间接触起电（CE）的研究表明，电子转移在L-S界面形成电荷层的初始阶段起主导作用。在此，我们综述了近期关于液-固CE中电子转移的研究工作，包括液体-绝缘体、液体-半导体和液体-金属等情况。考虑到L-S界面存在电子转移，重新审视了EDL的形成。此外，还介绍了基于液-固CE的摩擦纳米发电机（TENG）技术，该技术不仅可用于从液体中收集机械能，还可作为探测液-固界面电荷转移的探针。
