Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran; Instrumental Analytical Chemistry and Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, Essen, Germany.
Environ Res. 2021 Nov;202:111706. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111706. Epub 2021 Jul 17.
Trillions of cigarette butts (CBs) are released into the environment and the leached potentially toxic elements (PTEs) from CBs may contaminate the environments. In this study, the leaching of PTEs including both heavy metals and metalloids (metal(loid)s) from CBs into deionized water (DW), tap water (TW), and seawater (SW) was checked during the different contact times (from 60 min to 60 days). According to the results, PTEs were leached from CBs into different water samples. However, there were no significant differences between leachates in DW and TW samples (p > 0.05). The results of the distribution coefficient indicated the high tendency of most PTEs to enter the liquid phase. The levels of leached PTEs into DW and TW exceeded the standards of surface freshwater to maintain aquatic life. Although the maximum level of leached metal(loid)s into DW, TW, and SW occurred at different times, for each type of water sample no significant differences were found among the levels of most PTEs at various contact times. Based on the results, the levels of leached metal(loid)s from CBs in seawater peak soon after being released into the water, while for the freshwater, they occur after some days. This phenomenon could possibly have short-term and long-term effects on marine and freshwater organisms, respectively. Due to the ability of the dissolved PTEs to integrate into the aquatic/terrestrial food web and threaten human health, some control measures regarding the disposal of CBs are necessary.
数以万亿计的香烟过滤嘴（CBs）被释放到环境中，香烟过滤嘴浸出的潜在有毒元素（PTEs）可能会污染环境。在这项研究中，检查了 CB 中包括重金属和类金属（金属（类））在内的 PTEs 在不同接触时间（从 60 分钟到 60 天）内溶解到去离子水（DW）、自来水（TW）和海水中的情况。结果表明，PTEs 从 CB 中溶解到不同的水样中。然而，在 DW 和 TW 样品的浸出物中没有发现明显差异（p > 0.05）。分配系数的结果表明，大多数 PTEs 有很高的进入液相的趋势。DW 和 TW 中浸出的 PTEs 水平超过了维持水生生物的地表水标准。尽管 DW、TW 和 SW 中浸出的金属（类）的最大水平出现在不同的时间，但对于每种水样，在不同接触时间，大多数 PTEs 的水平没有发现明显差异。根据结果，CB 中浸出的金属（类）在海水中的水平在释放到水中后很快达到峰值，而在淡水中，它们在几天后才达到峰值。这种现象可能会对海洋和淡水生物分别产生短期和长期的影响。由于溶解的 PTEs 有能力融入水生/陆地食物网并威胁人类健康，因此有必要采取一些关于香烟过滤嘴处理的控制措施。
