Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon
Turk J Med Sci. 2021 Dec 17;51(SI-1):3238-3245. doi: 10.3906/sag-2106-190.
Face masks are devices worn over the mouth and nose to protect against splashes, infectious respiratory droplets, or aerosols generated during breathing or coughing according to their filtering capacity. Medical masks, respirators, or cloth masks have been used for source control and for the protection of the exposed. After the first case on March 11, 2020, in Turkey, National COVID-19 Scientific Advisory Board published various contents for the correct use of masks. Medical face masks have been used in healthcare settings for both source control and potential personal protection before the COVID-19 pandemic. Adverse events associated with using masks are very sparse and mainly associated with tight-fitting respirators or dermatitis due to prolonged use and should not be a reason for refusal to use. Studies suggest the use of masks mainly in the healthcare facilities but also in the community for source control of people who have respiratory symptoms of communicable diseases other than COVID-19. They are likely to be acceptable if recommended, particularly in more severe epidemics and pandemics. Metaanalysis, case control, cross sectional, cohort, retrospective, retrospective cross sectional, research, randomized controlled, and controlled comparison studies were reviewed on the protective effect of masks on COVID-19 with laboratory evidence. Optimum use of face masks with additional precautions has been found to be useful controlling the spread of the respiratory viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 in most of the studies and metaanalyses. As a conclusion, the recent evidence in COVID-19 pandemic is consistent with the previous studies which have shown association between face mask use and decreased risk of viral infections, and medical face mask use should be encouraged both for the community and healthcare facilities along with other infection control measures such as hand hygiene, during outbreaks when there is widespread community transmission.
口罩是覆盖在口鼻上的装置，根据其过滤能力，可以防止飞沫、传染性呼吸道飞沫或呼吸或咳嗽时产生的气溶胶。医用口罩、呼吸器或布口罩已被用于控制源头和保护暴露者。2020 年 3 月 11 日在土耳其出现首例病例后，国家 COVID-19 科学咨询委员会发布了各种关于正确使用口罩的内容。在 COVID-19 大流行之前，医用口罩已在医疗保健环境中用于控制源头和潜在的个人防护。与使用口罩相关的不良事件非常罕见，主要与紧贴合身的呼吸器或因长时间使用而引起的皮炎有关，不应成为拒绝使用的理由。研究表明，口罩主要在医疗保健机构使用，但也在社区中使用，以控制患有除 COVID-19 以外的传染病有呼吸道症状的人。如果推荐使用口罩，特别是在更严重的疫情和大流行期间，它们可能是可以接受的。对具有实验室证据的 COVID-19 口罩保护作用进行了荟萃分析、病例对照、横断面、队列、回顾性、回顾性横断面、研究、随机对照和对照比较研究。在大多数研究和荟萃分析中发现，口罩与额外预防措施一起的最佳使用对于控制 SARS-CoV-2 等呼吸道病毒的传播是有用的。总之，COVID-19 大流行的最新证据与之前的研究一致，这些研究表明口罩使用与病毒感染风险降低之间存在关联，应鼓励在社区和医疗保健机构中使用医用口罩，并在广泛社区传播时，与手卫生等其他感染控制措施一起使用。
