Ding X, Shi W F, Zhang Y Q, Lan Z Y, Zhang A H, Xu J J, Zhou G R
School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China.
Co-first authors.
Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi. 2021 Jul 5;33(3):274-280. doi: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2021058.
To understand the density, populations and habitats of malaria vector in Guizhou Province from 2005 to 2019, so as to provide the evidence for formulating the countermeasures to tackle the risk of local transmission of imported malaria in the province.
The malaria vector density and populations were monitored using human bait trapping and light trapping techniques in Guizhou Province from 2005 to 2019, and all captured was morphologically identified and counted. In addition, the distribution of habitats was investigated.
During the period from 2005 through 2019, the malaria vector density increased from early June in Guizhou Province, peaked on early July and then declined, which appeared a single peak. The greatest density was seen on early August, 2018 [57.34 mosquitoes/(person-night)], and the lowest density was found on late October, 2009 [1.29 mosquitoes/(person-night)]. The annual mean density slowly reduced from 17.91 mosquitoes/(person-night) in 2005 to 12.34 mosquitoes/(person-night) in 2012, with a 38.02% reduction ( = 115.04, < 0.01), while the annual mean density showed a tendency towards a rise from 2017 to 2019 ( = 420.00, < 0.01). The malaria vector was captured during the period between 19 : 00 and 7 : 00 of the next day in Guizhou Province from 2017 to 2019, with the overall density appearing a tendency towards a rise followed by a decline, and the activity was highly frequent during the period between 19 : 00 and 21 : 00. The malaria vector was monitored for 938 times using the light trapping method in Guizhou Province from 2005 to 2019, and a total of 52 781 mosquitoes were captured, including 49 705 , 804 , 238 , and 2 034 other mosquitoes, with a significant difference seen in the composition ( = 165.68, < 0.01). From 2017 to 2019, a total of 24 557 mosquitoes were captured in human housings, outdoors and livestock housings in Guizhou Province, with 67.65% captured in livestock housings and 12.01% in human housings, and there was a significant difference in the number of mosquitoes captured from the three types of habitats ( = 55.04, < 0.01). , and were captured form all three types of habitats, in which 98.07% was , and 0.09% was .
The population structure of malaria vector has changed in historically malaria-endemic areas of Guizhou Province, and has replaced and to become the predominant malaria vector. The malaria vector density has shown a tendency towards a rise in Guizhou Province during the recent years, and there have been a rise in the type and number of mosquitoes, leading to a potential risk of local transmission of imported malaria. Long-term, persistent and extensive surveillance of malaria vectors is recommended in Guizhou Province.
了解2005 - 2019年贵州省疟疾媒介的密度、种群及栖息地情况，为制定应对该省输入性疟疾本地传播风险的对策提供依据。
2005 - 2019年在贵州省采用人饵诱捕法和灯诱法监测疟疾媒介密度及种群，对捕获的所有蚊虫进行形态学鉴定和计数。此外，调查蚊虫栖息地分布情况。
2005 - 2019年期间，贵州省疟疾媒介密度于6月初开始上升，7月初达到峰值后下降，呈单峰型。2018年8月初蚊虫密度最高[57.34只/（人·夜）]，2009年10月末密度最低[1.29只/（人·夜）]。年平均蚊虫密度从2005年的17.91只/（人·夜）缓慢降至2012年的12.34只/（人·夜），下降了38.02%（χ² = 115.04，P < 0.01），而2017 - 2019年年平均蚊虫密度呈上升趋势（χ² = 420.00，P < 0.01）。2017 - 2019年贵州省蚊虫于当日19:00至次日7:00被捕获，总体密度呈先上升后下降趋势，19:00 - 21:00活动最为频繁。2005 - 2019年在贵州省采用灯诱法监测蚊虫938次，共捕获蚊虫52 781只，其中中华按蚊49 705只、嗜人按蚊804只、微小按蚊238只、其他按蚊2 034只，按蚊组成有显著差异（χ² = 165.68，P < 0.01）。2017 - 2019年在贵州省人房、室外及畜舍共捕获按蚊24 557只，其中76.65%在畜舍捕获，12.01%在人房捕获，三种栖息地捕获按蚊数量有显著差异（χ² = 55.04，P < 0.01）。中华按蚊、嗜人按蚊和微小按蚊在三种栖息地均有捕获，其中中华按蚊占98.07%，嗜人按蚊占0.09%。
贵州省历史疟区疟疾媒介种群结构发生变化，中华按蚊已取代嗜人按蚊和微小按蚊成为主要疟疾媒介。近年来贵州省疟疾媒介密度呈上升趋势，中华按蚊种类和数量增多，存在输入性疟疾本地传播的潜在风险。建议在贵州省长期、持续、广泛开展疟疾媒介监测。
