Wang Zhuosen, Xu Xijun, Liu Zhengbo, Zhang Dechao, Yuan Jujun, Liu Jun
Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China.
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Storage Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China.
Chemistry. 2021 Sep 24;27(54):13494-13512. doi: 10.1002/chem.202101873. Epub 2021 Aug 10.
For the past few years, a new generation of energy storage systems with large theoretical specific capacity has been urgently needed because of the rapid development of society. Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are regarded as one of the most promising candidates for novel battery systems, since their resurgence at the end of the 20th century Li-S batteries have attracted ever more attention, attributed to their notably high theoretical energy density of 2600 W h kg , which is almost five times larger than that of commercial lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). One of the determining factors in Li-S batteries is how to design/prepare the sulfur cathode. For the sulfur host, the major technical challenge is avoiding the shuttling effect that is caused by soluble polysulfides during the reaction. In past decades, though the sulfur cathode has developed greatly, there are still some enormous challenges to be conquered, such as low utilization of S, rapid decay of capacity, and poor cycle life. This article spotlights the recent progress and foremost findings in improving the performance of Li-S batteries by employing multifunctional metal phosphides as host materials. The current state of development of the sulfur electrode of Li-S batteries is summarized by emphasizing the relationship between the essential properties of metal phosphide-based hybrid nanomaterials, the chemical reaction with lithium polysulfides and the latter's influence on electrochemical performance. Finally, trends in the development and practical application of Li-S batteries are also pointed out.
在过去的几年里，由于社会的快速发展，迫切需要新一代具有大理论比容量的储能系统。锂硫（Li-S）电池被认为是新型电池系统中最有前途的候选者之一。自20世纪末复兴以来，Li-S电池因其显著的2600 W h kg的高理论能量密度而受到越来越多的关注，这几乎是商用锂离子电池（LIBs）的五倍。Li-S电池的决定性因素之一是如何设计/制备硫正极。对于硫主体材料来说，主要的技术挑战是避免反应过程中由可溶性多硫化物引起的穿梭效应。在过去几十年里，尽管硫正极有了很大发展，但仍有一些巨大挑战需要克服，如硫利用率低、容量快速衰减和循环寿命短。本文重点介绍了通过使用多功能金属磷化物作为主体材料来提高Li-S电池性能的最新进展和主要发现。通过强调基于金属磷化物的混合纳米材料的基本性质、与多硫化锂的化学反应以及后者对电化学性能的影响之间的关系，总结了Li-S电池硫电极的当前发展状况。最后，还指出了Li-S电池的发展趋势和实际应用。
