Identification and expression analysis of lncRNA in seven organs of Rhinopithecus roxellana.

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) represents a new direction to identify expression profiles and regulatory mechanisms in various organisms. Here, we report the first dataset of lncRNAs of the golden snub-nosed monkey (GSM), including 12,557 putative lncRNAs identified from seven organs. Compared with mRNA, GSM lncRNA had fewer exons and isoforms, and longer length. LncRNA showed more obvious tissue-specific expression than mRNA. However, for the top ten most abundant genes in each organ, mRNAs expression was more tissue-specific than lncRNAs. By identification of specifically expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs in each organ, it indicates that the expression of SEG-lncRNA (specifically expressed lncRNA) and SEG-mRNA (specifically expressed mRNA) had high correlation. In particular, combined our lncRNA and mRNA data, we identified 92 heart SEG-lncRNAs targeted ten mRNA genes in the oxidative phosphorylation pathway and upregulated the expression of these target genes such as ND4, ATP6, and ATP8. These may contribute to GSM adaption to its high-elevation environment. We also identified 171 liver SEG-lncRNAs, which targeted 27 genes associated with the metabolism of xenobiotics and leaded to high expression of these target genes in liver. These lncRNAs may play important roles in GSM adaptation to a folivory diet.