Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Camilo José Cela University, 28692 Madrid, Spain.
Centre for Sport Studies, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28942 Fuenlabrada, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jul 15;18(14):7559. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18147559.
In 1500 m freestyle swimming races, pacing is generally represented by a parabolic or U-shaped curve indicating that swimming velocity is greatest at the start and the last laps of the race while swimmers maintain an even pace through the middle section of the race. However, there is no information to determine if 1500 m race winners select pacing different to other, less successful swimmers within the same competition. Therefore, this investigation aimed to describe the pacing strategies adopted by 1500 m freestyle competitive swimmers in World Championships (long course), from 2003 to 2019 to determine the most effective pacing to obtain victory or a medal. The official overall and split times for 1500 m freestyle races of the (FINA) were obtained from the website of this organization. In total, data of 143 swimming performances (71 male and 72 female) were extracted. With the split times, lap times, and position were calculated across the race. To determine differences in the pacing between best- and worst-ranked finalist, swimmers in each race were divided into four groups based on the final position (1st vs. 2nd vs. 3rd vs. 4-8th). All the lap times of the winners of the race were faster than those of participants classified as 4-8th position for men and women races ( < 0.05). However, there were no differences in lap velocity among the different positions achieved at the end of the race when it was normalized by average race velocity. Additionally, there were no differences in the lap-to-lap variability among swimmers with different positions at the end of the race. In summary, both men and women elite swimmers selected parabolic pacing consisting of a fast start in the first lap, an even pace close to their average race velocity in the mid-section of the race (from 50 to 1400 m), followed by an end spurt in the final lap(s). This pattern was very similar in all finalists irrespective of the final position in the race. Hence, the obtaining of a medal in the World Championships was associated to possessing a faster average race velocity rather than a specific pacing profile through the race.
在 1500 米自由泳比赛中，配速通常表现为抛物线形或 U 形曲线，表明游泳速度在比赛的开始和最后几圈最大，而游泳运动员在比赛的中间部分保持均匀的配速。然而，没有信息表明 1500 米比赛的获胜者是否选择了与同一场比赛中其他不太成功的游泳运动员不同的配速。因此，本研究旨在描述 2003 年至 2019 年世界锦标赛（长池）中 1500 米自由泳比赛中竞争游泳运动员采用的配速策略，以确定获得胜利或奖牌的最有效配速。1500 米自由泳比赛的官方总时间和分段时间来自该组织的网站。总共提取了 143 次游泳表现的数据（71 名男性和 72 名女性）。根据分段时间、圈数时间和位置计算整个比赛的情况。为了确定最佳和最差决赛选手之间配速的差异，根据最终位置将每场比赛中的游泳运动员分为四组（1 名对 2 名对 3 名对 4-8 名）。男子和女子比赛中，获胜者的所有圈数时间都比被归类为 4-8 名位置的参赛者快（<0.05）。然而，当通过平均比赛速度对比赛结束时不同位置的圈速进行归一化时，不同位置之间的圈速没有差异。此外，在比赛结束时，不同位置的游泳运动员之间的圈与圈之间的变化没有差异。总之，男女精英游泳运动员都选择了抛物线形配速，即在第一圈快速出发，在比赛的中间部分接近平均比赛速度（从 50 米到 1400 米），然后在最后一圈（或几圈）冲刺。这种模式在所有决赛选手身上都非常相似，无论他们在比赛中的最终位置如何。因此，在世界锦标赛中获得奖牌与拥有更快的平均比赛速度有关，而不是通过比赛的特定配速模式。
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