计算机辅助药物设计的现状及通过计算技术发现的药物的亮点:综述。
Current trends in computer aided drug design and a highlight of drugs discovered via computational techniques: A review.
机构信息
Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa.
HIV Pathogenesis Program, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa.
出版信息
Eur J Med Chem. 2021 Nov 15;224:113705. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113705. Epub 2021 Jul 15.
Computer-aided drug design (CADD) is one of the pivotal approaches to contemporary pre-clinical drug discovery, and various computational techniques and software programs are typically used in combination, in a bid to achieve the desired outcome. Several approved drugs have been developed with the aid of CADD. On SciFinder®, we evaluated more than 600 publications through systematic searching and refining, using the terms, virtual screening; software methods; computational studies and publication year, in order to obtain data concerning particular aspects of CADD. The primary focus of this review was on the databases screened, virtual screening and/or molecular docking software program used. Furthermore, we evaluated the studies that subsequently performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and we reviewed the software programs applied, the application of density functional theory (DFT) calculations and experimental assays. To represent the latest trends, the most recent data obtained was between 2015 and 2020, consequently the most frequently employed techniques and software programs were recorded. Among these, the ZINC database was the most widely preferred with an average use of 31.2%. Structure-based virtual screening (SBVS) was the most prominently used type of virtual screening and it accounted for an average of 57.6%, with AutoDock being the preferred virtual screening/molecular docking program with 41.8% usage. Following the screening process, 38.5% of the studies performed MD simulations to complement the virtual screening and GROMACS with 39.3% usage, was the popular MD software program. Among the computational techniques, DFT was the least applied whereby it only accounts for 0.02% average use. An average of 36.5% of the studies included reports on experimental evaluations following virtual screening. Ultimately, since the inception and application of CADD in pre-clinical drug discovery, more than 70 approved drugs have been discovered, and this number is steadily increasing over time.
计算机辅助药物设计(CADD)是当代临床前药物发现的关键方法之一,通常结合使用各种计算技术和软件程序,以达到预期的结果。有几种已批准的药物是在 CADD 的帮助下开发的。在 SciFinder®上,我们通过系统搜索和精炼,使用术语“虚拟筛选”、“软件方法”、“计算研究”和“出版年份”,评估了超过 600 篇出版物,以获取有关 CADD 特定方面的数据。本综述的主要重点是筛选的数据库、虚拟筛选和/或分子对接软件程序的使用。此外,我们评估了随后进行分子动力学(MD)模拟的研究,并回顾了所应用的软件程序、应用密度泛函理论(DFT)计算和实验测定。为了代表最新趋势,我们获取了最新的数据(2015 年至 2020 年),因此记录了最常用的技术和软件程序。在这些程序中,ZINC 数据库的使用最为广泛,平均使用频率为 31.2%。基于结构的虚拟筛选(SBVS)是最常用的虚拟筛选类型,平均占比为 57.6%,AutoDock 是最受欢迎的虚拟筛选/分子对接程序,使用率为 41.8%。筛选后,38.5%的研究进行了 MD 模拟以补充虚拟筛选,GROMACS 的使用率为 39.3%,是最受欢迎的 MD 软件程序。在计算技术中,DFT 的应用最少,平均使用率仅为 0.02%。平均有 36.5%的研究在虚拟筛选后报告了实验评估。最终,自 CADD 在临床前药物发现中的应用以来,已经发现了 70 多种已批准的药物,并且这个数字随着时间的推移还在稳步增加。