Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism & Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021 Jul 9;12:694162. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.694162. eCollection 2021.
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) becomes the favorite target for preventing and treating metabolic diseases because the activated BAT can produce heat and consume energy. The brain, especially the hypothalamus, which secretes Neuropeptide Y (NPY), is speculated to regulate BAT activity. However, whether NPY is involved in BAT activity's central regulation in humans remains unclear. Thus, it's essential to explore the relationship between brain glucose metabolism and human BAT activity.
A controlled study with a large sample of healthy adults used Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) to noninvasively investigate BAT's activity and brain glucose metabolism . Eighty healthy adults with activated BAT according to the PET/CT scan volunteered to be the BAT positive group, while 80 healthy adults without activated BAT but with the same gender, similar age, and BMI, scanning on the same day, were recruited as the control (BAT negative). We use Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) to analyze the brain image data, Picture Archiving & Communication System (PACS), and PET/CT Viewer software to calculate the semi-quantitative values of brain glucose metabolism and BAT activity. ELISA tested the levels of fasting plasma NPY. The multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the correlation between brain glucose metabolism, the level of NPY, and the BAT activity in the BAT positive group.
(1) Compared with controls, BAT positive group showed significant metabolic decreases mainly in the right Insula (BA13a, BA13b) and the right claustrum (uncorrected P <0.01, adjusted BMI). (2) The three brain regions' semi-quantitative values in the BAT positive group were significantly lower than the negative group (all P values < 0.05). (3) After adjusting for age, gender, BMI, and outside temperature, there was a negative correlation between brain metabolic values and BAT activity (all P values < 0.05). However, after further adjusting for NPY level, there were no significant differences between the BA13b metabolic values and BAT activity (P>0.05), while the correlation between the BA13a metabolic values and BAT activity still was significant (P< 0.05).
Regional brain glucose metabolism is closely related to healthy adults' BAT activity, which may be mediated by NPY.
棕色脂肪组织（BAT）成为预防和治疗代谢性疾病的首选目标，因为激活的 BAT 可以产生热量并消耗能量。大脑，特别是分泌神经肽 Y（NPY）的下丘脑，被推测可以调节 BAT 活性。然而，NPY 是否参与人类 BAT 活性的中枢调节尚不清楚。因此，探索大脑葡萄糖代谢与人类 BAT 活性之间的关系至关重要。
一项采用大样本健康成年人的对照研究，使用正电子发射断层扫描/计算机断层扫描（PET/CT）非侵入性地研究 BAT 的活性和大脑葡萄糖代谢。根据 PET/CT 扫描，80 名具有激活的 BAT 的健康成年人自愿成为 BAT 阳性组，而 80 名性别相同、年龄和 BMI 相似、同日扫描但无激活的 BAT 的健康成年人被招募为对照组（BAT 阴性）。我们使用统计参数映射（SPM）分析大脑图像数据、图片归档和通信系统（PACS）以及 PET/CT 查看器软件来计算大脑葡萄糖代谢和 BAT 活性的半定量值。酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测空腹血浆 NPY 水平。采用多元线性回归模型分析 BAT 阳性组中大脑葡萄糖代谢、NPY 水平与 BAT 活性之间的相关性。
（1）与对照组相比，BAT 阳性组右侧脑岛（BA13a、BA13b）和右侧屏状核（未校正 P<0.01，校正 BMI）的代谢明显降低。（2）BAT 阳性组三个脑区的半定量值均明显低于阴性组（均 P 值<0.05）。（3）校正年龄、性别、BMI 和外界温度后，脑代谢值与 BAT 活性呈负相关（均 P 值<0.05）。然而，进一步校正 NPY 水平后，BA13b 代谢值与 BAT 活性之间无显著差异（P>0.05），而 BA13a 代谢值与 BAT 活性仍呈显著相关（P<0.05）。
健康成年人的大脑局部葡萄糖代谢与 BAT 活性密切相关，这种关系可能由 NPY 介导。
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