Shrestha Bijay Kumar, Tumbahangphe Manita, Shakya Jenish, Rai Anu, Dhakal Kabita, Dhungana Bidhya, Shrestha Romika, Limbu Jyoti, Khadka Kabiraj, Ghimire Santoshi, Chauhan Sujata, Chalise Lata, Ghimire Ashu
Department of Microbiology, Central Campus of Technology, Tribhuvan University, Hattisar, Dharan, Nepal.
J Parasitol Res. 2021 Jul 9;2021:6632469. doi: 10.1155/2021/6632469. eCollection 2021.
Intestinal parasitic infections are most common and prevalent among children and accounts for great morbidity and mortality.
This research is aimed at studying the prevalence and related risk factors of parasitic infections among private school-going pupils of Dharan Submetropolitan City.
This was a cross-sectional laboratory-based study conducted from 13 November 2018 to 26 February 2019 among 400 private school pupils. The stool samples were collected and microscopically examined for parasites using the formalin ethyl acetate sedimentation technique. . Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS version 16.0. Pearson's Chi-square test was used to establish association between dependent and independent variables. The association was also determined using crude and adjusted odds ratio, and the test considered a value < 0.05 as statistically significant with 95% confidence interval.
In this study, 46 (11.5%) children were positive for intestinal parasites. In this study, 3 protozoans ( = 3 (0.75%)) and 43 helminths ( = 22 (5.5%); = 6 (1.5%); = 2 (0.5%); and = 13 (3.25%)) were isolated and identified. Statistically, significant difference in the parasitic prevalence with respect to age and gender was not seen ( > 0.05). However, the prevalence of parasitic infection was strongly associated with the ethnicity of the pupils ( = 0.001). The strong associated risk factors of intestinal parasitic infections were nail-biting habit, source of drinking water, biannual deworming, thumb-sucking, hand sanitation before having food and after toilet, knowledge of parents on parasitosis, health and sanitation, keeping cat/dog as pet, and wearing protective shoes during play ( = 0.001). Bowel syndromes like abdominal cramp and constipation also had a strong statistical association ( = 0.001) with the prevalence of parasitic infection. According to binary and multivariate logistic regression analyses, the parents without awareness, pupils with a nail-biting habit, pupils not wearing shoes during play, lack of deworming, drinking direct tap water, and pupils with poor hand sanitation were more likely to be infested with intestinal parasitic infections.
This study concludes that intestinal parasites are still prevalent among private school-going pupils of Dharan Submetropolitan City. The poor sanitation and sanitary habits like biting nails, consumption of untreated drinking water, and failure to practice proper hand washing were studied as contributors to the acquisition of intestinal parasitic infections. Therefore, integration of control measures such as provision of clean and safe drinking water, improved sanitation and hygiene, with biannual administration of drugs are necessary for effective eradication of parasitic infections.
肠道寄生虫感染在儿童中最为常见且普遍，导致了很高的发病率和死亡率。
本研究旨在调查达兰市私立学校学生中寄生虫感染的患病率及相关危险因素。
这是一项基于实验室的横断面研究，于2018年11月13日至2019年2月26日对400名私立学校学生进行。采集粪便样本，采用福尔马林-乙酸乙酯沉淀技术进行显微镜检查以检测寄生虫。使用SPSS 16.0版进行统计分析。采用Pearson卡方检验确定因变量和自变量之间的关联。还使用粗比值比和调整后的比值比来确定关联，该检验将p值<0.05视为具有统计学意义，置信区间为95%。
在本研究中，46名（11.5%）儿童肠道寄生虫检测呈阳性。在本研究中，分离并鉴定出3种原生动物（n = 3（0.75%））和43种蠕虫（蛔虫 = 22（5.5%）；鞭虫 = 6（1.5%）；钩虫 = 2（0.5%）；绦虫 = 13（3.25%））。从统计学上看，未发现寄生虫患病率在年龄和性别方面存在显著差异（p>0.05）。然而，寄生虫感染的患病率与学生的种族密切相关（p = 0.001）。肠道寄生虫感染的强烈相关危险因素包括咬指甲习惯、饮用水源、半年一次的驱虫、吮拇指、饭前便后手部卫生、父母对寄生虫病的了解、健康与卫生、养猫/狗作为宠物以及玩耍时穿防护鞋（p = 0.001）。腹痛和便秘等肠道综合征与寄生虫感染的患病率也存在很强的统计学关联（p = 0.001）。根据二元和多变量逻辑回归分析，父母缺乏意识、有咬指甲习惯的学生、玩耍时不穿鞋的学生、未进行驱虫、饮用直接的自来水以及手部卫生差的学生更有可能感染肠道寄生虫。
本研究得出结论，达兰市私立学校学生中肠道寄生虫仍然普遍存在。不良的卫生条件和卫生习惯，如咬指甲、饮用未经处理的饮用水以及不进行正确的洗手，被认为是导致肠道寄生虫感染的因素。因此，整合控制措施，如提供清洁安全的饮用水、改善卫生条件和个人卫生，并每半年进行一次药物治疗，对于有效根除寄生虫感染是必要的。
