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“种植针叶树和保护阔叶树”对小兴安岭红松人工林凋落物水文效应的光伐强度影响。

Effects of light-felling intensity on hydrological effects of litter in Korean pine forests by 'planting conifer and preserving broadleaved tree' in Xiaoxing'an Mountains of China.

机构信息

Center for Ecological Research, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.

出版信息

Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2021 Jul;32(7):2335-2346. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202107.029.

Abstract

To understand the effects of 'planting conifer and preserving broadleaved tree' and light-felling on the hydrological effects of litter layer during the restoration of the climax vegetation broad-leaved Korean pine forest in temperate zone of Northeast China, we measured litter accumulation, water holding process of litter, and maximum holding water, maximum blocking and effective blocking amount of litter layers using sample survey method and indoor immersion method in three forests (aspen-Korean pine forests, white birch-Korean pine forest, and Mongolian oak-Korean pine forest) under different light-felling intensity (control, C; low light-felling, L; moderate light-felling, M; heavy light-felling, H) in Xiaoxing'an Mountains. The results showed that the intensity of light-felling had different effects on litter accumulation (7.32 to 15.58 t·hm) in three forest types. L, M and H significantly enhanced litter accumulation by 24.3%-34.6% in the Mongolian oak-Korean pine forest, L and M enhance it by 15.3%-19.3% in aspen-Korean pine forest, and H enhance it by 27.1% in white birch-Korean pine forest. Water holding capacity () and water absorption rate () of the undecomposed layer and the semi-decomposed layer of the litter were in accordance with the relationship between the soaking time (): =ln+ (>0.908), = (≥0.999). The intensity of light-felling (except H in aspen-Korean pine forests) increased the maximum water holding capacity (17.86-45.12 t·hm), maximum interception capacity (16.10-34.19 t·hm) and effective interception capacity (13.42-27.42 t·hm) of litter by 30.1%-74.8%, 27.4%-83.6% and 26.7%-86.0%, respectively, while changed the differences of effective blocking amount of litters among forest types. Therefore, light-felling significantly enhanced the hydro-ecological function of litter layers in the medium-term broad-leaved Korean pine forests by 'planting conifer and preserving broadleaved tree'. The low, moderate, and heavy light-felling was best one for the Mongolian oak-Korean pine forest, the aspen-Korean pine forest, and the white birch-Korean pine forest, respectively.

摘要

为了了解“营造针叶林和保存阔叶林”和透光抚育对温带东北阔叶红松林演替顶级植被恢复过程中凋落物层水文效应的影响,我们采用样地调查法和室内浸泡法,分别在小兴安岭不同透光抚育强度(对照 C、低强度 L、中强度 M、高强度 H)下的 3 种林分(白桦-红松、蒙古栎-红松和枫桦-红松)中测量了凋落物积累、凋落物持水过程和最大持水量、最大拦蓄量和有效拦蓄量。结果表明,3 种林分的透光抚育强度对凋落物积累(7.32-15.58 t·hm)有不同的影响。L、M 和 H 显著增加了蒙古栎-红松林的凋落物积累量,增幅为 24.3%-34.6%;L 和 M 增加了白桦-红松林的凋落物积累量,增幅为 15.3%-19.3%;H 增加了枫桦-红松林的凋落物积累量,增幅为 27.1%。未分解层和半分解层凋落物的持水能力()和吸水速率()与浸泡时间()之间符合关系: =ln+ (>0.908), = (≥0.999)。除了白桦-红松林的 H 外,透光抚育强度(L、M 和 H)增加了凋落物的最大持水量(17.86-45.12 t·hm)、最大截留量(16.10-34.19 t·hm)和有效截留量(13.42-27.42 t·hm),增幅分别为 30.1%-74.8%、27.4%-83.6%和 26.7%-86.0%,同时改变了林分间凋落物有效拦蓄量的差异。因此,“营造针叶林和保存阔叶林”显著增强了中期阔叶红松林凋落物层的水文生态功能。低强度、中强度和高强度透光抚育分别对蒙古栎-红松林、白桦-红松林和枫桦-红松林最有利。

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