Liu Yan-Ping, Wang Gen-Xu, Hu Zhao-Yong, Guo Lin-Mao
State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering/College of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2022 Aug;33(8):2113-2120. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202208.014.
Current studies on water conservation capacity of litter in the mountainous area of Southwest China (MASC) mainly focus on local scale. Such results are difficult to evaluate the storage and water-holding capacity of litter in the whole MASC. In this study, the results of site-scale research in the MASC from 2004 to 2021 were collated (a total of 16 research sites and 70 data), as well as the storage and water-holding characteristics of litters of three typical forests in the MASC were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the water-holding processes of litter in coniferous forest, broadleaved forest and mixed forest were similar, which could be divided into three stages: rapid water absorption, gradual slowing, and stable. The absorption rate and duration of different forests were different in each stage. The broadleaved forest had the fastest water absorption rate, while coniferous forest had the slowest with the longest duration to reach stability. There was no significant difference in litter storage among diffe-rent forest types. The total litter storage of coniferous forest, broadleaved forest and mixed forest ranged from 8.26 to 8.82 t·hm. The significant spatial variations of litter storage in semi-decomposed layer resulted in that of total litter storage. The total maximum water-holding capacity of litters of the three forests ranged from 17.85 t·hm to 19.87 t·hm, and the maximum water-holding rate of litter ranged from 200.6% to 228.0%. There was a positive correlation between the maximum water-holding capacity and litter storage in different forests. The total effective retention capacity of three forest litters ranged from 11.66 to 12.29 t·hm, while the total effective retention rate of three forests ranged from 128.1% to 145.2%. There were no significant differences in litter storage and water holding capacity among three forest types with two decomposition degrees in MASC.
目前关于中国西南山区（MASC）凋落物持水能力的研究主要集中在局部尺度。这样的结果难以评估整个MASC凋落物的蓄积量和持水能力。本研究整理了2004年至2021年MASC站点尺度的研究结果（共16个研究站点和70组数据），并对MASC三种典型森林凋落物的蓄积量和持水特性进行了比较分析。结果表明，针叶林、阔叶林和混交林凋落物的持水过程相似，可分为三个阶段：快速吸水、逐渐减缓、稳定。不同森林在各阶段的吸水速率和持续时间不同。阔叶林吸水速率最快，针叶林最慢且达到稳定的持续时间最长。不同森林类型间凋落物蓄积量无显著差异。针叶林、阔叶林和混交林的凋落物总蓄积量在8.26至8.82 t·hm之间。半分解层凋落物蓄积量的显著空间变异导致了凋落物总蓄积量的空间变异。三种森林凋落物的总最大持水量在17.85至19.87 t·hm之间，凋落物最大持水率在200.6%至228.0%之间。不同森林的最大持水量与凋落物蓄积量呈正相关。三种森林凋落物的总有效拦蓄量在11.66至12.29 t·hm之间，三种森林的总有效拦蓄率在128.1%至145.2%之间。MASC中三种具有两种分解程度的森林类型在凋落物蓄积量和持水能力方面无显著差异。
