RTI International, Washington, DC, United States of America.
ICAP at Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2021 Jul 29;16(7):e0255074. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255074. eCollection 2021.
BACKGROUND: Although people living with HIV in Côte d'Ivoire receive antiretroviral therapy (ART) at no cost, other out-of-pocket (OOP) spending related to health can still create a barrier to care. METHODS: A convenience sample of 400 adults living with HIV for at least 1 year in Côte d'Ivoire completed a survey on their health spending for HIV and chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs). In addition to descriptive statistics, we performed simple linear regression analyses with bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals. FINDINGS: 365 participants (91%) reported OOP spending for HIV care, with a median of $16/year (IQR 5-48). 34% of participants reported direct costs with a median of $2/year (IQR 1-41). No participants reported user fees for HIV services. 87% of participants reported indirect costs, with a median of $17/year (IQR 7-41). 102 participants (26%) reported at least 1 NCD. Of these, 80 (78%) reported OOP spending for NCD care, with a median of $50/year (IQR 6-107). 76 participants (95%) with both HIV and NCDs reported direct costs, and 48% reported paying user fees for NCD services. Participants had missed a median of 2 HIV appointments in the past year (IQR 2-3). Higher OOP costs were not associated with the number of HIV appointments missed. 21% of participants reported spending over 10% of household income on HIV and/or NCD care. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Despite the availability of free ART, most participants reported OOP spending. OOP costs were much higher for participants with co-morbid NCDs.
背景:尽管科特迪瓦的艾滋病毒感染者可以免费获得抗逆转录病毒疗法(ART),但与健康相关的其他自费(OOP)支出仍可能成为获得护理的障碍。
方法:科特迪瓦的 400 名成年艾滋病毒感染者(至少感染 1 年)参加了一项关于艾滋病毒和慢性非传染性疾病(NCD)健康支出的调查,采用便利抽样。除了描述性统计数据外,我们还进行了简单线性回归分析,并采用了 bootstrap 95%置信区间。
结果:365 名参与者(91%)报告了 HIV 护理的自费支出,中位数为 16 美元/年(IQR 5-48)。34%的参与者报告了直接费用,中位数为 2 美元/年(IQR 1-41)。没有参与者报告 HIV 服务的用户费用。87%的参与者报告了间接费用,中位数为 17 美元/年(IQR 7-41)。102 名参与者(26%)报告了至少 1 种 NCD。其中,80 名(78%)报告了 NCD 护理的自费支出,中位数为 50 美元/年(IQR 6-107)。76 名(95%)同时患有 HIV 和 NCD 的参与者报告了直接费用,48%报告了 NCD 服务的用户费用。参与者过去一年平均漏诊了 2 次 HIV 预约(IQR 2-3)。更高的自费支出与漏诊的 HIV 预约次数无关。21%的参与者报告称,他们将超过 10%的家庭收入用于 HIV 和/或 NCD 护理。
讨论和结论:尽管免费提供 ART,但大多数参与者仍报告自费支出。同时患有合并症 NCD 的参与者的自费支出要高得多。
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