Clinical outcomes among patients with tuberculous meningitis receiving intensified treatment regimens.

National Center for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NCTLD), Tbilisi, Georgia. To determine clinical outcomes of patients with tuberculous meningitis (TBM) treated with an intensified regimen including a fluoroquinolone (FQ) and an injectable agent. Prospective cohort of patients aged ≥16 years initiating treatment for TBM at the NCTLD from January 2018 to December 2019. Treatment outcomes and neurologic disability at 1, 6 and 12 months after treatment initiation were assessed. Among 77 patients with median follow-up time of 363 days (IQR 269-374), 97% received a FQ, 62% an injectable agent, 44% linezolid and 39% a carbapenem. Fifty-seven patients (74%) successfully completed treatment, 2 (2.6%) had treatment failure, 6 (7.8%) died, and the remainder (12%) were lost to follow up. Among 11 patients treated for multidrug-resistant TBM, the median follow-up time was 467 days and one patient (8%) died. Regarding neurologic outcomes, 14/76 (18%) patients had Modified Rankin Scores of 0 at baseline, improving to 85% (56/66) and 94% (47/50) at 6 and 12 months, respectively. Intensified multidrug treatment regimens including a FQ and an injectable agent in all patients and newly implemented drugs in patients with multidrug-resistant TBM resulted in low mortality and favorable neurologic outcomes.