Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Duhok, Kurdistan Region-Iraq.
Ann Parasitol. 2021;67(2):161-168. doi: 10.17420/ap6702.325.
The domestic chickens are the most important protein sources of human populations in every part of the world; many parasites' species may affect birds. Ectoparasites can be found practically in all birds. They feed on their body components like blood, feathers. The effects of louse parasitism on birds are often severe, including retarded growth, low egg production and susceptibility to other infections and due to lice possess chewing mouthpart, it feeds on dry skin scales, scab tissues, and feather parts and it causes skin irritation and sucks blood (anemia), discomfort, loss of plumage, and decrease in productivity of the host. The aim of this study is to investigate lice genera and create the phylogenetic tree among the sequenced lice, using both mitochondrial DNA (COI gene) and nuclear gene (18S rRNA gene). Sequencing data were aligned with the sequences available in the NCBI GenBank. From October 2017 until July 2018, two hundred outdoor local chickens from three governorates (Duhok, Erbil and Sulaymaniyah), were examined for lice collection. After the morphological identification of the lice, the total genomic DNA of each louse was extracted individually and universal primers L6625, H7005 were used to amplify the DNA of mitochondrial gene COI (Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I) and three designed specific primers (18SrRSHM1, 18SrRSHM2 and 18SrRSHM3) were applied to amplify the DNA of the nuclear gene 18S rRNA. Sequencing DNA results were submitted to the GenBank, For the first time in Iraq, twelve species of chicken lice have been submitted in a GenBank with accession numbers of MN531684 from Menopon gallinae; MN524167, MN588078, MN588079 belonged to the species of Menacanthus stramineus; MN524168, MN524182, MN588080 belonged to the species of Goniocotes gallinae; MN524180, MN588092 belonged to the species of Lipeurus caponis; MN524181, MN588091 belonged to the species of Goniocotes gigas and MN588089 belonged to the species of Goniodes dissimilis.
家鸡是世界上每个地区人类最重要的蛋白质来源之一；许多寄生虫物种可能会影响鸟类。外寄生虫几乎可以在所有鸟类中找到。它们以血液、羽毛等身体成分为食。虱子寄生对鸟类的影响通常很严重，包括生长迟缓、产蛋量低以及易感染其他感染等问题，因为虱子具有咀嚼口器，它以干燥的皮肤鳞片、痂组织和羽毛部分为食，会引起皮肤刺激和吸血（贫血）、不适、羽毛脱落以及宿主生产力下降。本研究旨在通过线粒体 DNA（COI 基因）和核基因（18S rRNA 基因）对测序虱子进行属分类研究，并构建系统发育树。测序数据与 NCBI GenBank 中可用的序列进行比对。从 2017 年 10 月到 2018 年 7 月，从杜胡克、埃尔比勒和苏莱曼尼亚三省采集了 200 只户外本地鸡，以收集虱子。在对虱子进行形态学鉴定后，单独提取每只虱子的总基因组 DNA，并使用通用引物 L6625、H7005 扩增线粒体基因 COI（细胞色素氧化酶亚基 I）的 DNA，应用三个设计的特异性引物（18SrRSHM1、18SrRSHM2 和 18SrRSHM3）扩增核基因 18S rRNA 的 DNA。测序 DNA 结果提交给 GenBank，这是伊拉克首次提交十二种鸡虱的序列，注册号为 MN531684（Menopon gallinae）；MN524167、MN588078、MN588079 属于 Menacanthus stramineus 种；MN524168、MN524182、MN588080 属于 Goniocotes gallinae 种；MN524180、MN588092 属于 Lipeurus caponis 种；MN524181、MN588091 属于 Goniocotes gigas 种，MN588089 属于 Goniodes dissimilis 种。
