Namisnak Laura H, Khoshnevis Sepideh, Diller Kenneth R
Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W Dean Keeton Street Stop C0800, Austin, TX 78712.
J Med Device. 2021 Sep 1;15(3):031010. doi: 10.1115/1.4051442. Epub 2021 Jul 8.
Thermoregulation research and various medical procedures are accomplished by manipulating skin temperature in a nonuniform pattern. Skin temperature monitoring is essential to assess conformance to protocol specifications and to prevent thermal injury. Existing solutions for skin temperature monitoring include single point sensors, such as thermocouples, and two-dimensional methods of sensing surface temperature, such as infrared thermography, and wearable technology. Single point sensors cannot detect the average temperature and consequently their measurements cannot be representative of average surface temperature in a nonuniform temperature field. Infrared thermography requires optical access, and existing ambulatory sensors may require complex manufacturing processes and impede the heat exchange with a source by including a structural substrate layer. Our solution is a two-dimensional resistance temperature detector (two-dimensional (2D) RTD) created by knitting copper magnet wire into custom shapes. The 2D RTDs were calibrated, compared to one-dimensional sensors and wearable sensors, and analyzed for hysteresis, repeatability, and surface area conformation. Resistance and temperature were correlated with an R of 0.99. The 2D RTD proved to be a superior device for measuring average skin temperature over a defined area exposed to a nonuniform temperature boundary in the absence of optical access such as when a full body thermal control garment is worn.
体温调节研究和各种医疗程序是通过以不均匀的方式操纵皮肤温度来完成的。皮肤温度监测对于评估是否符合方案规范以及预防热损伤至关重要。现有的皮肤温度监测解决方案包括单点传感器，如热电偶，以及二维表面温度传感方法，如红外热成像和可穿戴技术。单点传感器无法检测平均温度，因此其测量结果不能代表非均匀温度场中的平均表面温度。红外热成像需要光学通路，而现有的动态传感器可能需要复杂的制造工艺，并且通过包含结构基底层会阻碍与热源的热交换。我们的解决方案是一种二维电阻温度探测器（二维（2D）RTD），它是通过将铜电磁线编织成定制形状而制成的。对二维RTD进行了校准，与一维传感器和可穿戴传感器进行了比较，并分析了其滞后性、重复性和表面积一致性。电阻与温度的相关性R为0.99。二维RTD被证明是一种在没有光学通路的情况下，例如当穿着全身热控服装时，用于测量暴露于非均匀温度边界的限定区域内平均皮肤温度的优越设备。
