Dzido Joanna, Rolbiecki Leszek, Izdebska Joanna N, Rokicki Jerzy, Kuczkowski Tytus, Pawliczka Iwona
Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Parasitology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
Institute of Oceanography, Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdańsk, Morska 2, 84-150, Hel, Poland.
Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl. 2021 Jul 13;15:290-302. doi: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2021.07.002. eCollection 2021 Aug.
The common harbor porpoise is a widely-distributed marine mammal with three known subspecies, including , with a clearly distinct and critically endangered (CR) subpopulation from the Baltic Sea (Baltic Proper). As part of an assessment of the condition and health threats of these mammals, it is important to conduct parasitological monitoring. The aim of the study was therefore to compare the data on porpoise parasitofauna from this subpopulation with those on porpoises from other areas. The study included 37 individuals from 1995 to 2019; eight species of parasites were found (prevalence 83.8%, mean intensity 724.2, range 2-3940), with a predominance of lung nematodes - (94.7%), (69.4%), (63.8%), (22.2%); the highest intensity was recorded for (989, 53-2928). Two species of Anisakidae ( - 33.3%, sp. - 20.0%) were found in the digestive tracts, which were a new record for this population. The fluke was found in the livers of 31.3% of porpoises. The tapeworm was also recorded in the intestine of one individual; this is typical for these hosts, but previously undetected in the Baltic subpopulation. Parasites coexisted in numerous hosts, constituting a heavy burden for them. The obtained data were compared with those from the parasitofauna from other regions, based on a compiled checklist (1809-2021) including all species of porpoise parasites (55 taxa). Compared to the worldwide porpoise parasitofauna checklist, the number of parasites found in the nominative subspecies (Baltic Proper subpopulation) is small: including only 10 taxa (eight in the current study). These species are typical of porpoises and usually the most common; however, the level of infection of Baltic porpoises (intensity and total parasite load) is very high, which can undoubtedly have a negative impact on their condition and overall health.
普通鼠海豚是一种分布广泛的海洋哺乳动物，有三个已知亚种，包括来自波罗的海（波罗的海主体）的一个明显不同且极度濒危（CR）的亚种群。作为对这些哺乳动物的状况和健康威胁评估的一部分，进行寄生虫学监测很重要。因此，该研究的目的是将这个亚种群的鼠海豚寄生虫区系数据与其他地区的鼠海豚数据进行比较。该研究涵盖了1995年至2019年的37只个体；发现了8种寄生虫（患病率83.8%，平均强度724.2，范围2 - 3940），以肺线虫为主—— （94.7%）、 （69.4%）、 （63.8%）、 （22.2%）； （989，53 - 2928）的强度最高。在消化道中发现了两种异尖科线虫（ - 33.3%， 属线虫 - 20.0%），这是该种群的新记录。在31.3%的鼠海豚肝脏中发现了吸虫。绦虫 也在一只个体的肠道中被记录到；这在这些宿主中很常见，但此前在波罗的海亚种群中未被发现。寄生虫在众多宿主中共存，给它们带来了沉重负担。根据一份包括所有鼠海豚寄生虫物种（55个分类单元）的汇编清单（1809 - 2021），将获得的数据与其他地区的鼠海豚寄生虫区系数据进行了比较。与全球鼠海豚寄生虫区系清单相比，在指名亚种（波罗的海主体亚种群）中发现的寄生虫数量较少：仅包括10个分类单元（本研究中有8个）。这些物种是鼠海豚的典型寄生虫，通常也是最常见的；然而，波罗的海鼠海豚的感染水平（强度和总寄生虫负荷）非常高，这无疑会对它们的状况和整体健康产生负面影响。
