Mansour Shimaa M G, ElBakrey Reham M, Mohamed Fakry F, Hamouda Esraa E, Abdallah Mona S, Elbestawy Ahmed R, Ismail Mahmoud M, Abdien Hanan M F, Eid Amal A M
Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
Front Vet Sci. 2021 Jul 15;8:647462. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.647462. eCollection 2021.
1, formerly known as avian paramyxovirus type-1 (APMV-1), infects more than 250 different species of birds. It causes a broad range of clinical diseases and results in devastating economic impact due to high morbidity and mortality in addition to trade restrictions. The ease of spread has allowed the virus to disseminate worldwide with subjective virulence, which depends on the virus strain and host species. The emergence of new virulent genotypes among global epizootics, including those from Egypt, illustrates the time-to-time genomic alterations that lead to simultaneous evolution of distinct APMV-1 genotypes at different geographic locations across the world. In Egypt, the Newcastle disease was firstly reported in 1947 and continued to occur, despite rigorous prophylactic vaccination, and remained a potential threat to commercial and backyard poultry production. Since 2005, many researchers have investigated the nature of APMV-1 in different outbreaks, as they found several APMV-1 genotypes circulating among various species. The unique intermingling of migratory, free-living, and domesticated birds besides the availability of frequently mobile wild birds in Egypt may facilitate the evolution power of APMV-1 in Egypt. Pigeons and waterfowls are of interest due to their inclusion in Egyptian poultry industry and their ability to spread the infection to other birds either by presence of different genotypes (as in pigeons) or by harboring a clinically silent disease (as in waterfowl). This review details (i) the genetic and pathobiologic features of APMV-1 infections in Egypt, (ii) the epidemiologic and evolutionary events in different avian species, and (iii) the vaccine applications and challenges in Egypt.
1型病毒，以前称为禽副粘病毒1型（APMV-1），可感染250多种不同鸟类。它会引发多种临床疾病，除贸易限制外，还因高发病率和死亡率导致巨大的经济影响。其传播的便利性使该病毒在全球范围内以主观毒力传播，毒力取决于病毒株和宿主物种。包括来自埃及的毒株在内，全球动物流行病中出现的新的强毒株基因型，说明了导致世界各地不同地理位置的APMV-1基因型同时进化的基因组变化。在埃及，新城疫于1947年首次报告，尽管进行了严格的预防性疫苗接种，但仍持续发生，对商业和家庭家禽生产构成潜在威胁。自2005年以来，许多研究人员调查了不同疫情中APMV-1的性质，因为他们发现几种APMV-1基因型在不同物种中传播。埃及候鸟、自由生活鸟类和家养鸟类的独特混合，以及经常活动的野生鸟类的存在，可能促进了埃及APMV-1的进化能力。鸽子和水禽因其在埃及家禽业中的地位以及它们通过不同基因型（如鸽子）或携带临床无症状疾病（如水禽）将感染传播给其他鸟类的能力而受到关注。本综述详细介绍了（i）埃及APMV-1感染的遗传和病理生物学特征，（ii）不同鸟类物种中的流行病学和进化事件，以及（iii）埃及的疫苗应用和挑战。
