Ntampaka Pie, Niragire François, Nyaga Philip Njeru, Habarugira Gervais
Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Rwanda, P.O. Box 57, Nyagatare, Rwanda.
Department of Applied Statistics, University of Rwanda, P.O. Box 1514, Kigali, Rwanda.
J Parasitol Res. 2021 Jul 23;2021:9956256. doi: 10.1155/2021/9956256. eCollection 2021.
Canine nematodes pose a public health risk to humans and livestock; however, the prevalence of canine nematodiases in Rwanda is unknown. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of canine nematodiases and identifying the risk factors for such infections in Kigali, the capital city of Rwanda. A cross-sectional study involved 93 dogs selected across Kigali city. Faecal samples were collected from apparently healthy dogs, and nematode eggs were identified and quantified using the McMaster technique. Risk factors for canine nematodiases were analysed by a multivariable binary logistic regression model. The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) nematodiases in dogs was 33.3% (95% CI: 23.8-42.9). The most prevalent species was spp with 32.3% (95% CI: 22.8-41.8). Nearly 38.7% and 3.2% of the dogs infected with spp and had high egg counts per gram (EPG) of faeces (≥550), respectively. Approximately 96.8% of dogs infected with nematodes had monoinfection. Logistic regression analysis showed that dog's age (1 to 2.5 years old), location (Gasabo and Kicukiro districts), and feeding practices were significantly associated with prevalence of canine nematodiases. In particular, the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) was more than 5 times higher for dogs fed on uncooked animal products and leftovers from households and restaurants compared to those who ate food prepared for them. The AOR was also about 16 times higher for dogs that scavenged and ate leftovers from households compared to those who ate food prepared for them. The findings of this study indicate that the prevalence of GI nematodes in domestic dogs in Kigali city, Rwanda, was 33.3% (95% CI: 23.8-42.9). The identified nematodes, namely, spp. and , are zoonotic, and dogs and humans are at risk of contracting these nematodes. The factors associated with canine GI nematodes in Kigali city include feeding practices and the dog's age and location (district). Dog owners need to rethink procedures for deworming and feeding their dogs. Again, the public should be made aware of the role of dogs in transmitting zoonotic nematodes to humans.
犬类线虫对人类和牲畜构成公共卫生风险；然而，卢旺达犬类线虫病的流行情况尚不清楚。本研究旨在确定卢旺达首都基加利犬类线虫病的流行情况，并识别此类感染的风险因素。一项横断面研究涉及在基加利市挑选的93只狗。从外表健康的狗身上采集粪便样本，使用麦克马斯特技术鉴定并定量线虫卵。通过多变量二元逻辑回归模型分析犬类线虫病的风险因素。狗胃肠道（GI）线虫病的总体患病率为33.3%（95%置信区间：23.8 - 42.9）。最常见的种类是 spp，患病率为32.3%（95%置信区间：22.8 - 41.8）。感染 spp和 的狗中，分别有近38.7%和3.2%的狗每克粪便中的虫卵计数（EPG）较高（≥550）。感染线虫的狗中约96.8%为单一感染。逻辑回归分析表明，狗的年龄（1至2.5岁）、地点（加萨博区和基库基罗区）以及喂养方式与犬类线虫病的患病率显著相关。特别是，与食用为其准备的食物的狗相比，食用未经烹饪的动物产品以及家庭和餐馆剩饭的狗的调整优势比（AOR）高出5倍以上。与食用为其准备的食物的狗相比， scavenged并食用家庭剩饭的狗的AOR也高出约16倍。本研究结果表明，卢旺达基加利市家犬中GI线虫的患病率为33.3%（95%置信区间：23.8 - 42.9）。已鉴定出的线虫，即 spp.和 ，是人畜共患的，狗和人类都有感染这些线虫的风险。基加利市与犬类GI线虫相关的因素包括喂养方式、狗的年龄和地点（区）。狗主人需要重新考虑给狗驱虫和喂食的程序。此外，应让公众了解狗在将人畜共患线虫传播给人类方面所起的作用。
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