College of Nursing, Bhopal Memorial Hospital and Research Centre, ICMR, Bhopal, India.
Department of Psychiatric Nursing, College of Nursing, Pt. B. D. Sharma University of health Sciences, Rohtak, India.
J Clin Nurs. 2022 Apr;31(7-8):798-819. doi: 10.1111/jocn.15987. Epub 2021 Aug 5.
Workplace violence (WPV) includes verbal abuse, physical violence, bullying or mobbing, assault and sexual harassment. The area has been well researched in the developed and high-income countries among nurses and healthcare professionals, but in the case of the low and upper-middle-income countries, there remains a paucity of comprehensive data on the prevalence of WPV and its contributing factors.
To estimate the prevalence and determinants of WPV among nurses working in the South-East Asian Region and Western Pacific Regions.
Systematic review and Meta-analysis.
A comprehensive search was done to retrieve articles based on a PRISMA compliant protocol registered in PROSPERO: CRD 42020223605. Study selection, quality assessment and data abstraction were independently done by the team members and discrepancies addressed through mutual consensus. Random-effect meta-analysis, I2 statistics and subgroup analysis were done.
The review included 41 studies conducted among 42,222 nurses from 13 countries. The pooled prevalence of WPV, verbal abuse, physical violence, threatening behaviour, physical assault, sexual harassment and bullying/mobbing were 58% (CI 51%-64%), 64% (CI 59%-70%), 23% (CI 14%-34%), 30(CI-11%-52%), 21% (CI 8%-38%), 12% (CI 7%-17%) and 25% (17%-33%), respectively. The various determinants of WPV included attributes related to the patient, nurses and organisation. Moreover, the impact of WPV included physical, psychological repercussions on nurses and the various measures used to manage it.
Nurses encounter a high level of WPV especially verbal abuse in their workplace settings. Nursing councils and professional nursing organisations should put in their effort towards the formulation and implementation of occupational safety legislation in their respective countries through appropriate political lobbying.
Our review highlights the emerging need to focus on the prevention of WPV among nurses working in lower, middle and upper-middle-income countries. Legislation changes and organisational commitment are vital for ensuring effective policies to combat WPV.
工作场所暴力（WPV）包括言语虐待、身体暴力、欺凌或骚扰、攻击和性骚扰。在发达国家和高收入国家，护士和医疗保健专业人员对此领域进行了充分研究，但在低收入和中上收入国家，WPV 的普遍程度及其影响因素仍缺乏全面数据。
评估东南亚和西太平洋地区护士遭受 WPV 的流行程度和决定因素。
系统评价和荟萃分析。
根据 PRISMA 协议进行全面检索，并在 PROSPERO 中注册：CRD42020223605。研究选择、质量评估和数据提取由团队成员独立进行，如果存在分歧，则通过共同协商解决。进行随机效应荟萃分析、I2 统计和亚组分析。
本综述纳入了来自 13 个国家的 42222 名护士的 41 项研究。WPV、言语虐待、身体暴力、威胁行为、身体攻击、性骚扰和欺凌/骚扰的总体患病率分别为 58%（95%CI：51%-64%）、64%（95%CI：59%-70%）、23%（95%CI：14%-34%）、30%（95%CI：-11%-52%）、21%（95%CI：8%-38%）、12%（95%CI：7%-17%）和 25%（95%CI：17%-33%）。WPV 的各种决定因素包括与患者、护士和组织相关的属性。此外，WPV 的影响包括对护士的身体和心理影响，以及用于管理 WPV 的各种措施。
护士在工作场所经常遭受 WPV，尤其是言语虐待。护理委员会和专业护理组织应通过适当的政治游说，努力在各自国家制定和实施职业安全立法。
我们的综述强调了需要关注低收入、中等收入和中上收入国家护士 WPV 的预防。立法改革和组织承诺对于确保有效打击 WPV 的政策至关重要。
