Lee Hojun, Depuydt Stephen, Shin Kisik, Choi Soyeon, Kim Geonhee, Lee Yun Haeng, Park Joon Tae, Han Taejun, Park Jihae
Department of Marine Science, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Korea.
Ghent University Global Campus, 119-5 Songdomunhwa-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21985, Korea.
Biology (Basel). 2021 Jul 20;10(7):684. doi: 10.3390/biology10070684.
The common, broad-spectrum herbicide diuron poses some risks to the environment due to its long persistence and high toxicity. Therefore, the effective monitoring of diuron residues will inform efforts to assess its impacts on ecosystems. In this study, we evaluated the toxicity targets of diuron in the model aquatic macrophyte at the physiological (growth and photosynthetic efficiency), biochemical (pigment biosynthesis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels), and molecular ( transcript) levels. The toxicity of diuron was detectable after 48 h of exposure and the order of sensitivity of toxicity endpoints was gene transcription > maximum electron transport rate (ETR) > non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) > maximum quantum yield () > ROS > fresh weight > chlorophyll > chlorophyll > total frond area > carotenoids. Under diuron stress, pigment, ROS, and gene transcript levels increased while frond area, fresh weight, and photosynthesis ( and ETR) gradually decreased with the increasing duration of exposure. Notably, ROS levels, , frond area, and fresh weight were highly correlated with diuron concentration. The growth endpoints (frond area and fresh weight) showed a strong negative correlation with ROS levels and a positive correlation with and ETR. These findings shed light on the relative sensitivity of different endpoints for the assessment of diuron toxicity.
常见的广谱除草剂敌草隆因其持久性长和毒性高而对环境构成一些风险。因此，有效监测敌草隆残留将有助于评估其对生态系统的影响。在本研究中，我们在生理（生长和光合效率）、生化（色素生物合成和活性氧（ROS）水平）和分子（转录本）水平上评估了敌草隆对模式水生大型植物的毒性靶点。暴露48小时后可检测到敌草隆的毒性，毒性终点的敏感性顺序为基因转录>最大电子传递速率（ETR）>非光化学猝灭（NPQ）>最大量子产率（）>ROS>鲜重>叶绿素>叶绿素>总叶面积>类胡萝卜素。在敌草隆胁迫下，随着暴露时间的增加，色素、ROS和基因转录本水平升高，而叶面积、鲜重和光合作用（和ETR）逐渐降低。值得注意的是，ROS水平、、叶面积和鲜重与敌草隆浓度高度相关。生长终点（叶面积和鲜重）与ROS水平呈强烈负相关，与和ETR呈正相关。这些发现揭示了不同终点对敌草隆毒性评估的相对敏感性。
