Hitchens Peta L, Booth Rachael H, Stevens Kirsten, Murphy Annabelle, Jones Bidda, Hemsworth Lauren M
Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia.
School of Culture and Communication, Faculty of Arts, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
Animals (Basel). 2021 Jul 2;11(7):1986. doi: 10.3390/ani11071986.
Animals play a significant role in the production of film and television in Australia and globally. Given this, regulating and monitoring their welfare on- and off-set is imperative. We therefore aim to compare Australia's state and territory-based legislation and regulation to those in the United States and the United Kingdom and assess regulations against the Five Domains Model of animal welfare. Historical examples of animal incidents in Australian film are used to illustrate potential deficiencies. We reviewed archived media for animal welfare incidents on and off production sets. We demonstrate a lack of uniformity, with 37.5% (3/8) of states and territories providing targeted Codes of Practice for animals in filmed media, and partially addressing behavioural interactions or mental state within the Five Domains Model. Three themes of welfare concerns were identified including incidents on-set, incidents off-set, and effects of portrayal on perception or ownership of specific species. This highlights the need for standardised national legislation and improved monitoring and regulation. Further research should quantify the number of animals used in productions, describe the type and duration of the work the animals undertake, investigate the frequency of animal welfare incidents, and explore alternative methods to the use of live animals in film and television.
在澳大利亚乃至全球，动物在影视制作中都扮演着重要角色。鉴于此，对其在片场内外的福利进行监管势在必行。因此，我们旨在将澳大利亚基于州和领地的法律法规与美国和英国的进行比较，并依据动物福利的五领域模型评估相关法规。澳大利亚电影中动物事故的历史案例被用来阐明潜在的不足之处。我们查阅了存档媒体，以了解制作片场内外的动物福利事件。我们发现存在缺乏统一性的问题，37.5%（3/8）的州和领地为影视媒体中的动物提供了针对性的操作规范，且仅部分涉及五领域模型中的行为互动或心理状态。确定了三个福利关注点主题，包括片场事故、片场外事故以及影片描绘对特定物种认知或所有权的影响。这凸显了制定标准化国家立法以及加强监管的必要性。进一步的研究应量化制作中使用的动物数量，描述动物所从事工作的类型和时长，调查动物福利事件的发生频率，并探索影视中替代使用活体动物的方法。
