Muñoz-Tebar Nuria, González-Navarro Emilio J, López-Díaz Teresa María, Santos Jesús A, Elguea-Culebras Gonzalo Ortiz de, García-Martínez M Mercedes, Molina Ana, Carmona Manuel, Berruga María Isabel
Food Quality Research Group, Institute for Regional Development (IDR), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain.
Department of Food Hygiene and Food Technology, Veterinary Faculty, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain.
Foods. 2021 Jul 7;10(7):1576. doi: 10.3390/foods10071576.
The aim of this work was to assess the antifungal and antioxidant activity of essential oils and ethanolic extracts from distilled solid by-products from aromatic plants ( , , , and ) against 14 fungi strains isolated from sheep cheese and identified at species level using DNA barcoding based on β-tubulin sequence analysis. In addition, capacity of fungi to produce ochratoxin A, patulin, cyclopiazonic acid and sterigmatocystin was analyzed. Of the isolates, 85.7% belonged to (. /, . ) and 14.3% to (. and . ), the first time that these species have been found in sheep's cheese. All . isolates were producers of cyclopiazonic acid, and the two strains produced sterigmatocystin, but the others did not produce any tested mycotoxin. Among the essential oils tested, oregano, savory and tarragon had a significant antifungal activity against all the isolated strains, but no ethanolic extract showed antifungal activity. By contrast, ethanolic extracts showed great potential as antioxidants. The identification of new molds in cheese will help the dairy industry to know more about those molds affecting the sector, and the use of aromatic plants in the control of fungal spoilage could be a suitable alternative to chemical preservatives used in the agri-food industry.
本研究旨在评估芳香植物（、、、和）蒸馏固体副产物的精油和乙醇提取物对从绵羊奶酪中分离出的14种真菌菌株的抗真菌和抗氧化活性，并基于β-微管蛋白序列分析，通过DNA条形码在物种水平上进行鉴定。此外，还分析了真菌产生赭曲霉毒素A、棒曲霉素、环匹阿尼酸和柄曲霉素的能力。在分离出的菌株中，85.7%属于（./，.），14.3%属于（.和.），这是首次在绵羊奶酪中发现这些物种。所有.分离株均产生环匹阿尼酸，两株菌株产生柄曲霉素，但其他菌株未产生任何检测的霉菌毒素。在所测试的精油中，牛至、香薄荷和龙蒿对所有分离菌株均具有显著的抗真菌活性，但乙醇提取物未显示出抗真菌活性。相比之下，乙醇提取物显示出作为抗氧化剂的巨大潜力。奶酪中新霉菌的鉴定将有助于乳制品行业更多地了解影响该行业的霉菌，并且在控制真菌腐败方面使用芳香植物可能是农业食品工业中使用的化学防腐剂的合适替代品。
