Smallheer Benjamin
Duke University School of Nursing, 307 Trent Drive, DUMC Box 3322, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
Nurs Clin North Am. 2021 Sep;56(3):345-356. doi: 10.1016/j.cnur.2021.04.002. Epub 2021 Jul 14.
Delirium is a complex diagnosis characterized by inattention accompanied by either disorganized thinking or an altered level of consciousness. Delirium affects approximately 15% of older adults in the hospital. Delirium is associated with a 62% greater risk of mortality within 1 year of discharge and a significant increase in health care costs. Although the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Health-5 has defined delirium, its characteristics, and has recommended diagnostic tools, one of the greatest challenges has been instituting timely and effective treatments. Effective management of delirium includes nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic interventions simultaneously instituted to control agitation while exploring causation.
谵妄是一种复杂的诊断，其特征是注意力不集中，并伴有思维紊乱或意识水平改变。医院中约15%的老年人会受到谵妄影响。谵妄与出院后1年内死亡风险增加62%以及医疗保健成本显著增加有关。尽管《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第五版已经对谵妄进行了定义、描述了其特征并推荐了诊断工具，但最大的挑战之一一直是实施及时有效的治疗。谵妄的有效管理包括同时采取非药物和药物干预措施，以控制躁动，同时探究病因。
