BACKGROUND

In Southeast Asia, has been utilized as a traditional medicinal herb for many diseases. The nontoxic effects of the leaves of can be consumed safely for the treatment of many diseases, especially diabetes mellitus.

OBJECTIVES

This study aimed to assess the antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic effects of leaves through different extracts.

METHODS

Cold extraction was employed for leaves. Disc diffusion, bovine serum albumin denaturation, brine shrimp lethality assays, and microscopic examination of tissues (ie, liver, kidney, and heart) were performed to measure antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic activities, and histopathologic analysis, respectively.

RESULTS

The distinct concentrations of aqueous, ethanol, and n-hexane extracts showed prominent antibacterial activity against four pathogenic bacterial strains ( sp, , and 0157:H7:LT). The aqueous extract of at a concentration of 200 µg/mL showed potential antibacterial activities against and , with mean (SD) zones of inhibition of 15 (1.0) mm and 10 (0.55) mm, respectively. At a concentration of 40 µg/mL, the aqueous extract of exhibited significant ( < 0.01) anti-inflammatory activity compared with that of the other 2 extracts in the bovine serum albumin denaturation assay. The n-hexane extract showed moderate cytotoxic activity compared with that of vincristine sulfate. The median lethal concentration values of the aqueous, ethanol, and n-hexane extracts were 427.66, 218.56, and 114.51 μg/mL, respectively. The aqueous extract exhibited lower cytotoxicity than that exhibited by the ethanol and n-hexane extracts. The histopathologic analysis results showed that the aqueous extract of had no harmful effects on the different organs of the experimental mice.

CONCLUSIONS

The aqueous extract of could be a potential source for treating various infectious and chronic diseases. (Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 2021; 82:XXX-XXX).