Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport Training Laboratory, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.
Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida y de la Naturaleza, Universidad Nebrija, Madrid, Spain.
Eur J Sport Sci. 2022 Oct;22(10):1508-1521. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2021.1955014. Epub 2021 Aug 8.
This study aimed to address the effects of increased longitudinal bending stiffness (LBS) on running economy (RE) and running biomechanics. A systematic search on four electronic databases (Pubmed, WOS, Medline and Scopus) was conducted on 26 May 2021. Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria and were included. Standardised mean difference with 95% confidence intervals (CI) between footwear with increased LBS . non-increased LBS conditions and effect sizes were calculated. To assess the potential effects of moderator variables (type and length plate, increased LBS, shoe mass and running speed) on the main outcome variable (i.e. RE), subgroup analyses were performed. Increased LBS improved RE (SMD = -0.43 [95% CI -0.58, -0.28], = 5.60, < 0.001) compared to non-increased LBS. Significant increases of stride length (SMD = 0.29 [95% CI 0.10, 0.49], = 2.93, = 0.003) and contact time (SMD = 0.17 [95% CI 0.03, 0.31], = 2.32, = 0.02) were found when LBS was increased. RE improved to a greater degree at higher running speeds with footwear with increased LBS. RE improved 3.45% with curve plate compared to no-plate condition without improvements with flat plate shoes. When shoe mass was matched between footwear with increased LBS vs. non-increased LBS conditions, RE improved (3.15%). However, when shoe mass was not controlled (experimental condition with ∼35 grams extra), a significant small improvement was found. These RE improvements appear along with an increase of stride length and contact time. Shoe mass, type of plate (flat or curve) and running speed should be taken into consideration when designing a shoe aimed at improving long-distance running performance.
本研究旨在探讨纵向弯曲刚度（LBS）增加对跑步经济性（RE）和跑步生物力学的影响。2021 年 5 月 26 日，我们在四个电子数据库（PubMed、WOS、Medline 和 Scopus）上进行了系统检索。符合纳入标准的 12 项研究被纳入分析。我们计算了具有增加 LBS 的鞋类与非增加 LBS 条件之间的标准化均数差和 95%置信区间（CI），并计算了效应量。为了评估调节变量（类型和长度的板、增加的 LBS、鞋的质量和跑步速度）对主要结局变量（即 RE）的潜在影响，我们进行了亚组分析。与非增加 LBS 条件相比，增加 LBS 可改善 RE（SMD=-0.43[95%CI-0.58，-0.28]， = 5.60， < 0.001）。当 LBS 增加时，步幅长度（SMD=0.29[95%CI0.10，0.49]， = 2.93， = 0.003）和接触时间（SMD=0.17[95%CI0.03，0.31]， = 2.32， = 0.02）显著增加。在具有增加 LBS 的鞋类中，随着跑步速度的增加，RE 改善的程度更大。与无板条件相比，曲线板可使 RE 改善 3.45%，而平板鞋则没有改善。当在具有增加 LBS 的鞋类与非增加 LBS 条件之间匹配鞋的质量时，RE 得到改善（3.15%）。然而，当不控制鞋的质量（实验条件下增加约 35 克）时，发现 RE 有显著的小改善。这些 RE 的改善与步幅长度和接触时间的增加同时出现。在设计旨在提高长距离跑步性能的鞋子时，应考虑鞋的质量、板的类型（平板或曲线）和跑步速度。
