Cassone V M, Moore R Y
Department of Neurology, State University of New York, Stony Brook 11794.
J Comp Neurol. 1987 Dec 8;266(2):171-82. doi: 10.1002/cne.902660204.
The distribution of retinohypothalamic projections and the organization of the suprachiasmatic region of the hypothalamus was investigated in the house sparrow (Passer domesticus). Retinohypothalamic projections (RHT) were studied by two anterograde tracing methods, and hypothalamic organization was investigated immunohistochemically with antisera against a number of substances known to be present in the mammalian suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN): bombesin (BBS), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT), neuropeptide Y (NPY), neurotensin (NT), somatostatin (SS), substance P (SP), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), and arginine vasopressin (AVP). Observations from these experiments were analysed within the framework of a cytoarchitectural study using Nissl-stained material. From this study, we have identified an area in the anterior hypothalamus which we believe is an avian homologue of the mammalian SCN. This area contains a nucleus located in close apposition to the optic chiasm between the dorsal supraoptic decussation (DSD) and the ventral lateral geniculate body (GLv) for much of its rostrocaudal extent. The central portion of this nucleus contains neurons that exhibit GAD- and BBS-like immunoreactivity and is the terminal field for the RHT. For this reason, we term this nucleus the visual SCN. It also contains axon plexuses exhibiting 5HT-like, SP-like, and NPY-like immunoreactivity and is bordered ventrally by AVP-like, SP-like, and NT-like immunoreactive cells and medially by VIP-like and SS-like immunoreactive cells. Although it is not established that these cell groups together compose a single suprachiasmatic nucleus, the organization in the avian brain of a nuclear complex with a retinorecipient area surrounded by nonvisual components would be very similar to that of the mammalian SCN.
对家麻雀（Passer domesticus）的视网膜下丘脑投射分布及下丘脑视交叉上区域的组织结构进行了研究。采用两种顺行示踪方法研究视网膜下丘脑投射（RHT），并用针对多种已知存在于哺乳动物视交叉上核（SCN）的物质的抗血清进行免疫组织化学研究，以探究下丘脑的组织结构，这些物质包括：蛙皮素（BBS）、谷氨酸脱羧酶（GAD）、5-羟色胺（5HT）、神经肽Y（NPY）、神经降压素（NT）、生长抑素（SS）、P物质（SP）、血管活性肠多肽（VIP）和精氨酸加压素（AVP）。在使用尼氏染色材料进行的细胞结构研究框架内，对这些实验的观察结果进行了分析。通过这项研究，我们在前下丘脑确定了一个区域，我们认为它是哺乳动物SCN的鸟类同源物。该区域包含一个核，在其大部分 rostrocaudal 范围内，该核紧邻视交叉，位于背侧视上交叉（DSD）和腹侧外侧膝状体（GLv）之间。该核的中央部分含有表现出GAD样和BBS样免疫反应性的神经元，并且是RHT的终末场。因此，我们将这个核称为视觉SCN。它还包含表现出5HT样、SP样和NPY样免疫反应性的轴突丛，腹侧由AVP样、SP样和NT样免疫反应性细胞界定，内侧由VIP样和SS样免疫反应性细胞界定。尽管尚未确定这些细胞群共同构成一个单一的视交叉上核，但鸟类大脑中一个具有被非视觉成分包围的视网膜接受区的核复合体的组织与哺乳动物SCN的组织非常相似。
需注意，“rostrocaudal”这个词在解剖学中表示“嘴尾的”，描述身体结构从头部到尾部的方向关系，这里直接保留英文是因为它属于解剖学专业术语，在中文解剖学领域也常保留英文表述。 你可根据实际需求，决定是否进一步向专业人士确认其在该语境下最合适的中文表述方式。
