Yeszhanov Arman B, Korolkov Ilya V, Dosmagambetova Saule S, Zdorovets Maxim V, Güven Olgun
The Institute of Nuclear Physics, Ibragimov Str. 1, Almaty 050032, Kazakhstan.
L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Satbaev Str. 5, Nur-Sultan 010008, Kazakhstan.
Polymers (Basel). 2021 Jul 30;13(15):2520. doi: 10.3390/polym13152520.
Membrane distillation (MD) is a rapidly developing field of research and finds applications in desalination of water, purification from nonvolatile substances, and concentration of various solutions. This review presents data from recent studies on the MD process, MD configuration, the type of membranes and membrane hydrophobization. Particular importance has been placed on the methods of hydrophobization and the use of track-etched membranes (TeMs) in the MD process. Hydrophobic TeMs based on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and polycarbonate (PC) have been applied in the purification of water from salts and pesticides, as well as in the concentration of low-level liquid radioactive waste (LLLRW). Such membranes are characterized by a narrow pore size distribution, precise values of the number of pores per unit area and narrow thickness. These properties of membranes allow them to be used for more accurate water purification and as model membranes used to test theoretical models (for instance LEP prediction).
膜蒸馏（MD）是一个快速发展的研究领域，在水的脱盐、从非挥发性物质中提纯以及各种溶液的浓缩方面都有应用。本综述展示了近期关于膜蒸馏过程、膜蒸馏配置、膜的类型以及膜疏水化研究的数据。特别强调了疏水化方法以及径迹蚀刻膜（TeMs）在膜蒸馏过程中的应用。基于聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯（PET）、聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）和聚碳酸酯（PC）的疏水径迹蚀刻膜已应用于从盐和农药中净化水，以及低水平液体放射性废物（LLLRW）的浓缩。这类膜的特点是孔径分布窄、单位面积的孔数精确且厚度窄。膜的这些特性使其能够用于更精确的水净化，并作为用于测试理论模型（例如LEP预测）的模型膜。
