Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru 560029, Karnataka, India.
Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru 560029, Karnataka, India.
J Clin Neurosci. 2021 Sep;91:369-377. doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2021.07.018. Epub 2021 Jul 31.
Isolated cortical venous thrombosis (ICVT) is a relatively rare clinical entity with non-specific clinical presentations. Anatomical variations in cortical veins and the lack of a gold standard imaging feature make the diagnosis of ICVT challenging. Headache and seizures were the most common presentations. The Vein of Trolard followed by superficial middle cerebral vein (SMCV) were the most commonly involved. Susceptibility Weighted Imaging (SWI) cord sign was observed in 100% of the cases. CT cord sign and filling defects on contrast enhanced CT were evident in 46.7% and 10% of the cases, respectively. Notably, in the absence of filling defect visualized on contrast CT, MRI, replacement of flow void was the surrogate marker for the ICVT. A high index of clinical suspicion, a thorough understanding of neurovascular anatomy, multiparametric, multiplanar MRI protocol is required to diagnose this rare entity. A serpiginous blooming structure within the subarachnoid space identifiable in less than two contiguous sections on SWI in the vicinity of haemorrhagic infarction should alert the clinician to the imaging possibility of ICVT.
孤立性皮质静脉血栓形成(ICVT)是一种相对罕见的临床实体,具有非特异性的临床表现。皮质静脉的解剖变异和缺乏金标准成像特征使得 ICVT 的诊断具有挑战性。头痛和癫痫发作是最常见的表现。最常受累的是托尔拉德静脉和大脑浅静脉(SMCV)。100%的病例观察到磁敏感加权成像(SWI)条索征。46.7%的病例在 CT 上可见条索征,10%的病例在 CT 增强上可见充盈缺损。值得注意的是,在对比 CT 上未观察到充盈缺损的情况下,MRI 上的血流空信号替代是 ICVT 的替代标志物。为了诊断这种罕见的实体,需要高度的临床怀疑指数、对神经血管解剖结构的透彻理解、多参数、多平面 MRI 方案。在 SWI 上,在临近出血性梗死的部位,少于两个连续层面可见蛛网膜下腔呈蛇形开花状结构,应提醒临床医生注意 ICVT 的影像学可能性。