Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory for Biological Effects of Metals, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 Dec 1;798:149274. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149274. Epub 2021 Jul 24.
Cytosolic distribution of six essential elements and nonessential Cd among biomolecules of different molecular masses was investigated in the intestine of brown trout (Salmo trutta) from the karst Krka River and Prussian carp (Carassius gibelio) from the lowland Ilova River. Fish were sampled at two locations (reference and contaminated) and in two seasons (autumn and spring). Analyses were conducted by size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography and high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Although studied salmonid and cyprinid fish have different biological characteristics, obtained profiles often showed mostly similar patterns in both species. Specifically, Cd and Cu were dominantly bound to metallothioneins in both species, but the same association was not observed for Zn, whereas Mo distribution was similar in the intestine of both fish species with two well shaped and clear peaks in HMM (100-400 kDa) and VLMM (2-8 kDa) range. In brown trout, Se was mostly associated with biomolecules of very low molecular masses (VLMM, <10 kDa), whereas significant additional elution in HMM region (30-303 kDa) was observed only in Prussian carp. Iron binding to VLMM biomolecules (1.8-14 kDa) was observed only in brown trouts, and of Zn in Prussian carps. Cobalt was mostly bound to HMM biomolecules (85-235 kDa) in brown trout and to VLMM biomolecules (0.7-18 kDa) in Prussian carp. Comparison of intestinal profiles with previously published data on liver and gills revealed some similarities in distribution, but also organ-specific differences due to the different function and composition of each organ. As so far there is no published data on intestinal trace metal distribution, the obtained results represent the novel findings, and the key point for the exact identification of specific metal-binding biomolecules which could eventually be used as biomarkers of metal exposure or effects.
在克尔斯科河的褐鳟和伊洛瓦河的鲤鱼体内，研究了不同分子质量生物分子中六种必需元素和非必需 Cd 的细胞溶质分布。在两个地点（参照和污染）和两个季节（秋季和春季）采集鱼类样本。通过尺寸排阻高效液相色谱法和高分辨率电感耦合等离子体质谱法进行分析。尽管研究的鲑鱼和鲤鱼具有不同的生物学特性，但在这两个物种中，获得的图谱通常显示出相似的模式。具体而言，Cd 和 Cu 主要与两种物种的金属硫蛋白结合，但 Zn 则没有观察到相同的关联，而 Mo 的分布在两种鱼类的肠道中相似，在 HMM（100-400 kDa）和 VLMM（2-8 kDa）范围内有两个形状良好且清晰的峰。在褐鳟中，Se 主要与非常低分子质量的生物分子（VLMM，<10 kDa）结合，而在鲤鱼中仅在 HMM 区域（30-303 kDa）观察到显著的额外洗脱。仅在褐鳟中观察到 VLMM 生物分子（1.8-14 kDa）结合铁，而在鲤鱼中观察到 Zn。Co 主要与褐鳟的 HMM 生物分子（85-235 kDa）结合，与鲤鱼的 VLMM 生物分子（0.7-18 kDa）结合。将肠道图谱与先前发表的关于肝脏和鳃的研究数据进行比较，发现分布上存在一些相似之处，但由于每个器官的不同功能和组成，也存在器官特异性差异。由于目前尚无关于肠道痕量金属分布的发表数据，因此获得的结果代表了新的发现，并且是准确识别特定金属结合生物分子的关键，这些生物分子最终可作为金属暴露或影响的生物标志物。
